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The local force field generated by light endows optical microrobots with remarkable flexibility and adaptivity, promising significant advancements in precise medicine and cell transport. Nevertheless, the automated navigation of multiple optical microrobots in intricate, dynamic environments over extended distances remains a challenge. Herein, a versatile control strategy aimed at navigating optical microrobotic swarms to distant targets under obstacles of varying sizes, shapes, and velocities is introduced. By confining all microrobots within a manipulation domain, swarm integrity is ensured while mitigating the effects of Brownian motion. Obstacle's elliptical approximation is developed to facilitate efficient obstacle avoidance for microrobotic swarms. Additionally, several supplementary functions are integrated to enhance swarm robustness and intelligence, addressing uncertainties such as swarm collapse, particle immobilization, and anomalous laser–obstacle interactions in real microscopic environments. We further demonstrate the efficacy and versatility of our proposed strategy by achieving autonomous long‐distance navigation to a series of targets. This strategy is compatible with both optical trapping‐ and nudging‐based microrobotic swarms, representing a significant advancement in enabling optical microrobots to undertake complex tasks such as drug delivery and nanosurgery and understanding collective motions. 

A long-unrealized goal in solid-state nanopore sensing is to achieve out-of-plane electrical sensing and control of DNA during translocation, which is a prerequisite for base-by-base ratcheting that enables DNA sequencing in biological nanopores. Two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures, with their capability to construct out-of-plane electronics with atomic layer precision, are ideal yet unexplored candidates for use as electrical sensing membranes. Here, we demonstrate a nanopore architecture using a vertical 2D heterojunction diode consisting of p-type WSe₂on n-type MoS₂. This diode exhibits rectified interlayer tunneling currents modulated by ionic potential, while the heterojunction potential reciprocally rectifies ionic transport through the nanopore. We achieve concurrent detection of DNA translocation using both ionic and diode currents and demonstrate a 2.3-fold electrostatic slowing of average translocation speed. Encapsulation layers enhance chemical and mechanical stability and durability while preserving the spatial resolution of atomically sharp 2D heterointerface for sensing. These results establish a paradigm for out-of-plane electrical sensing of single biomolecules.