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Abstract We describe an algorithm for computing, for all primes$$p \le X$$ $p\le X$, the trace of Frobenius atpof a hypergeometric motive over$$\mathbb {Q}$$ $Q$in time quasilinear inX. This involves computing the trace modulo$$p^e$$ $p^e$for suitablee; as in our previous work treating the case$$e=1$$ $e=1$, we combine the Beukers–Cohen–Mellit trace formula with average polynomial time techniques of Harvey and Harvey–Sutherland. The key new ingredient for$$e>1$$ $e>1$is an expanded version of Harvey’s “generic prime” construction, making it possible to incorporate certainp-adic transcendental functions into the computation; one of these is thep-adic Gamma function, whose average polynomial time computation is an intermediate step which may be of independent interest. We also provide an implementation in Sage and discuss the remaining computational issues around tabulating hypergeometricL-series. 

Abstract We prove that in either the convergent or overconvergent setting, an absolutely irreducible $$F$$-isocrystal on the absolute product of two or more smooth schemes over perfect fields of characteristic $$p$$, further equipped with actions of the partial Frobenius maps, is an external product of $$F$$-isocrystals over the multiplicands. The corresponding statement for lisse $$\overline{{\mathbb{Q}}}_{\ell }$$-sheaves, for $$\ell \neq p$$ a prime, is a consequence of Drinfeld’s lemma on the fundamental groups of absolute products of schemes in characteristic $$p$$. The latter plays a key role in V. Lafforgue’s approach to the Langlands correspondence for reductive groups with $$\ell $$-adic coefficients; the $$p$$-adic analogue will be considered in subsequent work with Daxin Xu. 

We prove a Tannakian form of Drinfeld's lemma for isocrystals on a variety over a finite field, equipped with actions of partial Frobenius operators. This provides an intermediate step towards transferring V. Lafforgue's work on the Langlands correspondence over function fields from$$\ell$$-adic to$$p$$-adic coefficients. We also discuss a motivic variant and a local variant of Drinfeld's lemma. 

For an odd prime p, we say f(X) ∈ F_p[X] computes square roots in F_p if, for all nonzero perfect squares a ∈ F_p, we have f(a)² = a. When p ≡ 3 mod 4, it is well known that f(X) = X^{(p+1)/4} computes square roots. This degree is surprisingly low (and in fact lowest possible), since we have specified (p-1)/2 evaluations (up to sign) of the polynomial f(X). On the other hand, for p ≡ 1 mod 4 there was previously no nontrivial bound known on the lowest degree of a polynomial computing square roots in F_p. We show that for all p ≡ 1 mod 4, the degree of a polynomial computing square roots has degree at least p/3. Our main new ingredient is a general lemma which may be of independent interest: powers of a low degree polynomial cannot have too many consecutive zero coefficients. The proof method also yields a robust version: any polynomial that computes square roots for 99% of the squares also has degree almost p/3. In the other direction, Agou, Deliglése, and Nicolas [Agou et al., 2003] showed that for infinitely many p ≡ 1 mod 4, the degree of a polynomial computing square roots can be as small as 3p/8. 

Abstract Using the formalism of Newton hyperplane arrangements, we resolve the open questions regarding angle rank left over from work of the first two authors with Roe and Vincent. As a consequence we end up generalizing theorems of Lenstra–Zarhin and Tankeev proving several new cases of the Tate conjecture for abelian varieties over finite fields. We also obtain an effective version of a recent theorem of Zarhin bounding the heights of coefficients in multiplicative relations among Frobenius eigenvalues. 

Let $$X$$ be a smooth scheme over a finite field of characteristic $$p$$.Consider the coefficient objects of locally constant rank on $$X$$ in $$\ell$$-adicWeil cohomology: these are lisse Weil sheaves in \'etale cohomology when $$\ell\neq p$$, and overconvergent $$F$$-isocrystals in rigid cohomology when $$\ell=p$$.Using the Langlands correspondence for global function fields in both the\'etale and crystalline settings (work of Lafforgue and Abe, respectively), onesees that on a curve, any coefficient object in one category has "companions"in the other categories with matching characteristic polynomials of Frobeniusat closed points. A similar statement is expected for general $$X$$; building onwork of Deligne, Drinfeld showed that any \'etale coefficient object has\'etale companions. We adapt Drinfeld's method to show that any crystallinecoefficient object has \'etale companions; this has been shown independently byAbe--Esnault. We also prove some auxiliary results relevant for theconstruction of crystalline companions of \'etale coefficient objects; thissubject will be pursued in a subsequent paper.