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Voltage regulation, frequency restoration, and reactive/active power sharing are the crucial tasks of the microgrid's secondary control, especially in the islanding operating mode. Because sensors and communication links in a microgrid are subject to noise, it is of paramount value to design a noise-resilient secondary voltage and frequency control. This paper proposes a minimum variance control approach for the secondary control of AC microgrids that can effectively perform noise attenuation, voltage/frequency restoration, and reactive/active power sharing. To this end, the nonlinear generalized minimum variance (NGMV) control approach is introduced to the islanded microgrid's secondary control system. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach is verified by simulating two microgrid test systems in MATLAB. 

In recent years, the implementation of the demand response (DR) programs in the power system's scheduling and operation is increased. DR is used to improve the consumers' and power providers' economic condition. That said, optimal power flow is a fundamental concept in the power system operation and control. The impact of exploiting DR programs in the power management of the systems is of significant importance. In this paper, the effect of time-based DR programs on the cost of 24-hour operation of a power system is presented. The effect of the time of use and real-time pricing programs with different participation factors are investigated. In addition, the system's operation cost is studied to analyze the DR programs' role in the current power grids. For this aim, the 14-bus IEEE test system is used to properly implement and simulate the proposed approach. 

This paper presents an optimization approach based on mixed-integer programming (MIP) to maximize the profit of the Microgrid (MG) while minimizing the risk in profit (RIP) in the presence of demand response program (DRP). RIP is defined as the risk of gaining less profit from the desired profit values. The uncertainties associated with the RESs and loads are modeled using normal, Beta, and Weibull distribution functions. The simulation studies are performed in GAMS and MATLAB for 5 random days of a year. Although DRP increases the total profit of the MG, it can also increase the risk. The simulation results show that RIP is reduced when downside risk constraint (DRC) is considered along with DRP implementation. Considering DRC significantly reduces the percentage of the risk while slightly decreasinz the profit. 

Despite the increasing level of renewable power generation in power grids, fossil fuel power plants still have a significant role in producing carbon emissions. The integration of carbon capturing and storing systems to the conventional power plants can significantly reduce the spread of carbon emissions. In this paper, the economic-emission dispatch of combined renewable and coal power plants equipped with carbon capture systems is addressed in a multi-objective optimization framework. The power systems flexibility is enhanced by hydropower plants, pumped hydro storage, and demand response program. The wind generation and load consumption uncertainties are modeled using stochastic programming. The DC power flow model is implemented on a modified IEEE 24-bus test system. Solving the problem resulted in an optimal Pareto frontier, while the fuzzy decision-making method found the best solution. The sensitivity of the objective functions concerning the generation-side is also investigated. 

This paper presents a multi-objective (MO) optimization for economic/emission dispatch (EED) problem incorporating hydrothermal plants, wind power generation, energy storage systems (ESSs) and responsive loads. The uncertain behavior of wind turbines and electric loads is modeled by scenarios. Stochastic programming is proposed to achieve the expected cost and emission production. Moreover, the carbon capture systems are considered to lower the level of carbon emission produced by conventional thermal units. The proposed optimization problem is tested on the IEEE 24-bus case study using DC power flow calculation. The optimal Pareto frontier is obtained, and a fuzzy decision-making tool determined the best solution among obtained Pareto points. The problem is modeled as mixed-integer non-linear programming in the General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) and solved using DICOPT solver.