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Modeling unsteady, fast transient, and advection-dominated physics problems is a pressing challenge for physics-aware deep learning (PADL). The physics of complex systems is governed by large systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) and ancillary constitutive models with nonlinear structures, as well as evolving state fields exhibiting sharp gradients and rapidly deforming material interfaces. Here, we investigate an inductive bias approach that is versatile and generalizable to model generic nonlinear field evolution problems. Our study focuses on the recent physics-aware recurrent convolutions (PARC), which incorporates a differentiator-integrator architecture that inductively models the spatiotemporal dynamics of generic physical systems. We extend the capabilities of PARC to simulate unsteady, transient, and advection-dominant systems. The extended model, referred to as PARCv2, is equipped with differential operators to model advection-reaction-diffusion equations, as well as a hybrid integral solver for stable, long-time predictions. PARCv2 is tested on both standard benchmark problems in fluid dynamics, namely Burgers and Navier-Stokes equations, and then applied to more complex shock-induced reaction problems in energetic materials. We evaluate the behavior of PARCv2 in comparison to other physics-informed and learning bias models and demonstrate its potential to model unsteady and advection-dominant dynamics regimes. 

This paper reports the fabrication of β-Ga 2 O 3 nanomembrane (NM) based flexible photodetectors (PDs) and the investigation of their optoelectrical properties under bending conditions. Flexible β-Ga 2 O 3 NM PDs exhibited reliable solar-blind photo-detection under bending conditions. Interestingly, a slight shifting in wavelength of the maximum solar-blind photo-current was observed under the bending condition. To investigate the reason for this peak shifting, the optical properties of β-Ga 2 O 3 NMs under different strain conditions were measured, which revealed changes in the refractive index, extinction coefficient and bandgap of strained β-Ga 2 O 3 NMs due to the presence of nano-sized cracks in the β-Ga 2 O 3 NMs. The results of a multiphysics simulation and a density-functional theory calculation for strained β-Ga 2 O 3 NMs showed that the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum states were shifted nearly linearly with the applied uniaxial strain, which caused changes in the optical properties of the β-Ga 2 O 3 NM. We also found that nano-gaps in the β-Ga 2 O 3 NM play a crucial role in enhancing the photoresponsivity of the β-Ga 2 O 3 NM PD under bending conditions due to the secondary light absorption caused by reflected light from the nano-gap surfaces. Therefore, this research provides a viable route to realize high-performance flexible photodetectors, which are one of the indispensable components in future flexible sensor systems.