Phosphotriesterases (PTEs) represent a class of enzymes capable of efficient neutralization of organophosphates (OPs), a dangerous class of neurotoxic chemicals. PTEs suffer from low catalytic activity, particularly at higher temperatures, due to low thermostability and low solubility. Supercharging, a protein engineering approach via selective mutation of surface residues to charged residues, has been successfully employed to generate proteins with increased solubility and thermostability by promoting charge–charge repulsion between proteins. We set out to overcome the challenges in improving PTE activity against OPs by employing a computational protein supercharging algorithm in Rosetta. Here, we discover two supercharged PTE variants, one negatively supercharged (with −14 net charge) and one positively supercharged (with +12 net charge) and characterize them for their thermodynamic stability and catalytic activity. We find that positively supercharged PTE possesses slight but significant losses in thermostability, which correlates to losses in catalytic efficiency at all temperatures, whereas negatively supercharged PTE possesses increased catalytic activity across 25°C–55°C while offering similar thermostability characteristic to the parent PTE. The impact of supercharging on catalytic efficiency will inform the design of shelf-stable PTE and criteria for enzyme engineering.
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Abstract -
Punia, Kamia ; Kronenberg, Jacob B. ; Montclare, Jin Kim ( , Molecular Systems Design & Engineering)Protein biomaterials have been used for a wide range biomedical applications due to their intrinsic biocompatibility, versatility and higher order structure. Multifunctional theranostic agents fabricated by incorporating the diagnostic modalities and drug payloads in protein nanoformulations have garnered significant attention in recent years. Protein-based theranostic agents manifest high target specificity, enhanced blood circulation and reduce reticuloendothelial system elimination. This review focuses on the fabrication of peptide- and protein-based nanoformulations for imaging guided therapy.more » « less
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Kronenberg, Jacob ; Jung, Yeojin ; Chen, Jason ; Kulapurathazhe, Maria_Jinu ; Britton, Dustin ; Kim, Seungri ; Chen, Xi ; Tu, Raymond_S ; Montclare, Jin_Kim ( , ACS Applied Bio Materials)
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Sadeghi, Ilin ; Kronenberg, Jacob ; Asatekin, Ayse ( , ACS Nano)