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Designing robots to support high-stakes teamwork in emergency settings presents unique challenges, including seamless integration into fast-paced environments, facilitating effective communication among team members, and adapting to rapidly changing situations. While teleoperated robots have been successfully used in high-stakes domains such as frefght- ing and space exploration, autonomous robots that aid high- stakes teamwork remain underexplored. To address this gap, we conducted a rapid prototyping process to develop a series of seemingly autonomous robots designed to assist clinical teams in the Emergency Room. We transformed a standard crash cart—which stores medical equipment and emergency supplies into a medical robotic crash cart (MCCR). The MCCR was evaluated through feld deployments to assess its impact on team workload and usability, identifed taxonomies of failure, and refned the MCCR in collaboration with healthcare professionals. Our work advances the understanding of robot design for high-stakes, time-sensitive settings, providing insights into useful MCCR capabilities and considerations for effective human-robot collaboration. By publicly disseminating our MCCR tutorial, we hope to encourage HRI researchers to explore the design of robots for high-stakes teamwork. 

This paper explores a comprehensive framework to develop students’ data literacy by guiding them in making sense of complex data visualizations. With the growing complexity and prevalence of data visualizations in media, it’s crucial to equip students with the skills to critically analyze and engage with these visual forms of data. This toolkit emphasizes the importance of fostering data habits of mind, rather than mere computational proficiency, and encourages students to consider what a visualization is conveying, how it was created, and why it was created. 

Abstract Tropical forests account for over 50% of the global terrestrial carbon sink, but climate change threatens to alter the carbon balance of these ecosystems. We show that warming and drying of tropical forest soils may increase soil carbon vulnerability, by increasing degradation of older carbon. In situ whole-profile heating by 4 °C and 50% throughfall exclusion each increased the average radiocarbon age of soil CO₂efflux by ~2–3 years, but the mechanisms underlying this shift differed. Warming accelerated decomposition of older carbon as increased CO₂emissions depleted newer carbon. Drying suppressed decomposition of newer carbon inputs and decreased soil CO₂emissions, thereby increasing contributions of older carbon to CO₂efflux. These findings imply that both warming and drying, by accelerating the loss of older soil carbon or reducing the incorporation of fresh carbon inputs, will exacerbate soil carbon losses and negatively impact carbon storage in tropical forests under climate change.