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We analyze the interplay between contact geometry and Gabor filters signalanalysis in geometric models of the primary visual cortex. We show inparticular that a specific framed lattice and an associated Gabor system isdetermined by the Legendrian circle bundle structure of the $$3$$-manifold ofcontact elements on a surface (which models the V1-cortex), together with thepresence of an almost-complex structure on the tangent bundle of the surface(which models the retinal surface). We identify a scaling of the lattice, alsodictated by the manifold geometry, that ensures the frame condition issatisfied. We then consider a $$5$$-dimensional model where receptor profilesalso involve a dependence on frequency and scale variables, in addition to thedependence on position and orientation. In this case we show that a proposedprofile window function does not give rise to frames (even in a distributionalsense), while a natural modification of the same generates Gabor frames withrespect to the appropriate lattice determined by the contact geometry.