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ABSTRACT Ecological differences among species, particularly dispersal capacity and life history strategies, influence population response to environmental changes. Genetic simulations now allow us to directly incorporate this variation into models of past demographic changes. However, the impact of life history strategies in demographic inference has been far less explored relative to that of dispersal capacity. Here, we utilise individual‐based simulations of a non‐Wright‐Fisher population to ask whether differences in life history traits (the average age of first reproduction of individuals, the average adult mortality and the average number of mates per reproductive season) lead to consistent and predictable differences in the summary statistics of genetic diversity commonly used for simulation‐based parameter estimation and demographic inference. Using a Random Forest model, we also estimate three population parameters (variance in reproductive success, generation time and effective population size) from genome‐wide SNP variation for two bird species known to have distinct life history strategies. The results demonstrate that life history variation leads to predictable differences in patterns of genetic diversity: higher values of life history traits, representing extreme polygamy, long adult longevity and later onset of reproduction, are associated with higher variance in reproductive success, longer generation times, smaller effective population sizes and overall lower genetic diversity. Parameter estimates from empirical datasets also agree with the general expectation that polygamic species with later onset of reproduction and long adult longevity exhibit higher variance in reproductive success, longer generation times and smaller effective population sizes. Since the signal of life history differences is observed in the genetic summary statistics, we argue that simulation‐ and model‐based multi‐species demographic inference will gain from the incorporation of life history information. 

ABSTRACT The Importance of the Regional Species PoolThe regional species pool—the set of species capable of entering a local community—is a foundational concept for understanding ecological processes that occur between local and extensive (biogeographic) spatial scales. However, the lack of precise definitions for the regional species pool, coupled with limited research into the dynamics of regional biodiversity, has impeded the development of a comprehensive framework to explain the mechanisms shaping these pools. Processes Governing Regional Species PoolsAlthough ecological processes at local and extensive scales are relatively well understood, the mechanisms shaping regional biota remain less clear. Regional species pools are likely shaped by a unique set of processes that often overlap minimally with those operating at local or extensive scales. Despite their significance, our understanding of the specific mechanisms driving the dynamics of regional species pools remains incomplete. The Need for a Theory of Regional Species PoolsWe argue that it is essential to prioritise the study of the regional species pool for two reasons. First, the regional species pool bridges spatial and temporal scales from ecological dynamics in landscapes to the long‐term processes shaping the biotas of entire biogeographic provinces. As such, understanding the dynamics of species pools addresses fundamental questions about the origin, maintenance, and dynamics of biodiversity. Second, effective biodiversity conservation in the Anthropocene hinges on understanding the processes that operate at regional scales.