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Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 9, 2026
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Post-consumer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was hydrolyzed in pure water over a wide range of temperatures (190−400 °C) and pressures (1−35 MPa) to produce terephthalic acid (TPA). Solid or molten PET was subjected to water as a saturated vapor, superheated vapor, saturated liquid, compressed liquid, and supercritical fluid. The highest TPA yields were observed for the hydrolysis of molten PET in saturated liquid water. Isothermal and non-isothermal hydrolysis of PET was also explored. Rapidly heating the reactor contents at about 5−10 °C/s (“fast” hydrolysis) led to high TPA yields, as did isothermal PET hydrolysis, but within 1 min instead of 30 min. Notably, these conditions resulted in the lowest environmental energy impact metric observed to date for uncatalyzed hydrolysis.more » « less
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Spheroids recapitulate the organization, heterogeneity and microenvironment of solid tumors. Herein, we targeted spatiotemporally the accelerated metabolism of proliferative cells located on the spheroid surface that ensure structure maintenance and/or growth. We demonstrate that phosphorylated carbohydrate amphiphile acts as a potent antimetabolite due to glycolysis inhibition and to in situ formation of supramolecular net around spheroid surface where alkaline phosphatase is overexpressed. The efficiency of the treatment is higher in spheroids as compared to the conventional 2D cultures because of the 2-fold higher expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Moreover, treated spheroids do not undergo following relapse.more » « less
