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This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Old Man Camp in northern Alaska, USA (United States of America). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. Flights from 2020 to 2022 were conducted using a DJI (Da-Jiang Innovations) Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. For flight missions in 2023 through 2025, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm (millimeter) lens (45MP [megapixels]). An Emlid RS3 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 (North American Datum of 1983) State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The Old Man site is located approximately 310 miles (499km [kilometer]) south of Deadhorse on a wide subarctic valley floor. Landcover units include Graminoid-moss tundra and graminoid, prostrate-dwarf-shrub, moss tundra (wet and moist nonacidic). 

This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Imnavait in northern Alaska, United States of America (USA). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. The 2022 flight was conducted using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. For flight missions in 2023 and beyond, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm lens (45MP). An Emlid RS3 GNSS base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The Imnavait site is located approximately 125 miles (201 kilometers (km)) south of Deadhorse in the foothills of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska. Landcover units include Graminoid-moss tundra and graminoid, prostrate-dwarf-shrub, moss tundra (wet and moist nonacidic). 

This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Chandalar Shelf in northern Alaska, USA (United States of America). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. Drone flights from 2020 to 2022 were conducted using a DJI (Da-Jiang Innovations) Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. Flights in 2023 were not conducted due to poor weather conditions. For flight missions in 2024 and beyond, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm (millimeter) lens (45MP (megapixels)). An Emlid RS3 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 (North American Datum of 1983) State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The Galbraith Lake site is situated in a broad glaciated mountain valley located approximately 140 miles (225km [kilometers]) south of Deadhorse along the Dalton Highway in northern Alaska. Landcover units include Graminoid-moss tundra and graminoid, prostrate-dwarf-shrub, moss tundra (wet and moist nonacidic). 

This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Chandalar Shelf in northern Alaska, USA (United States of America). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. Drone flights from 2020 to 2022 were conducted using a DJI Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. Flights in 2023 were not conducted due to poor weather conditions. For flight missions in 2024 and beyond, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm (millimeter) lens (45MP (megapixels)). An Emlid RS3 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The Chandalar Shelf site is located at milepost 238 on the Dalton Highway in northern Alaska approximately 60 miles (97km (kilometers)) north of Coldfoot in a broad glaciated mountain valley. Landcover units include Graminoid-moss tundra and graminoid, prostrate-dwarf-shrub, moss tundra (wet and moist nonacidic). 

This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Happy Valley in northern Alaska, USA (United States of America). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. The 2020 and 2022 flights were conducted using a DJI (Da-Jiang Innovations) Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. For flight missions in 2023 and 2024, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm lens (45MP). An Emlid RS3 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 (North American Datum of 1983) State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The two Happy Valley sites are located on the unglaciated foothills of the Brooks Range in northern Alaska, approximately 82 miles (132km [kilometers]) south of Deadhorse along the Dalton Highway. Landcover units include tussock-graminoid, dwarf- shrub tundra and low-shrub tundra (moist acidic). 

This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Deadhorse in northern Alaska, USA (United States of America). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. The 2022 flight was conducted using a DJI (Da-Jiang Innovations) Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. For flight missions in 2023 and beyond, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm (millimeter) lens (45MP). An Emlid RS3 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 (North American Datum of 1983) State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The Deadhorse site is located approximately 5 miles (8km [kilometer]) south of the community of Deadhorse, Alaska on the inner coastal plain with river terraces along the Sagavanirktok River. Landcover units include Graminoid-moss tundra and graminoid, prostrate-dwarf-shrub, moss tundra (wet and moist nonacidic). 

This dataset contains orthomosaic images and digital surface models (DSMs) for an area of study near Franklin Bluffs in northern Alaska, USA (United States of America). The data were collected to further support ongoing research that aims to assess geomorphological and environmental changes near ground temperature monitoring sites, and to provide spatial data for validation of land surface deformation models. Flights from 2020 to 2022 were conducted using a DJI (Da-Jiang Innovations) Phantom 4 RTK (P4RTK) equipped with a DJI D-RTK 2 Mobile Base Station for real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning. For flight missions in 2023 and beyond, we utilized a DJI Matrice M300 RTK (M300RTK) drone equipped with a DJI Zenmuse P1 camera and a 35mm (millimeter) lens (45MP [megapixels]). An Emlid RS3 GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) base station was used for RTK positioning. All images were processed using Agisoft Metashape (v.2.2.0) following a standard three-dimensional mapping processing workflow utilizing ground control points measured in the field for horizontal and vertical corrections and reliable reproduction from year to year. All DSM and orthomosaic files are projected using NAD83 State Plane 4 and ellipsoidal heights in meters. The Franklin Bluffs site is located approximately 42 miles (67km [kilometers]) south of Deadhorse on the inner coastal plain with river terraces along the Sagavanirktok River. Landcover units include Graminoid-moss tundra and graminoid, prostrate-dwarf-shrub, moss tundra (wet and moist nonacidic). 

Subsurface soil monitoring stations are located across each of the four Utqiagvik (Barrow), Alaska, intensive study Areas: (A) low-centered polygons with well-defined troughs, (B) high-centered polygons, (C) flat-centered or transitional polygons, and (D) inundated low-centered polygons with no troughs. Two data products are being generated - both with high temporal (hourly) and spatial resolution (within polygon and with depth): (1) soil profile temperature measurements and (2) active layer and permafrost temperature and moisture measurements from instrumented soil pits. This data package currently contains eight .csv files, one .jpg, and one .pdf. These data are being collected to better understand the thermal dynamics of the active layer and permafrost. Together this information serves as calibration and evaluation data for fine-scale simulations of polygons. 

This work coordinates data collection using standard equipment and protocols at North American and Russian sites. These data sets provide the baseline to assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and to provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. The work represents the United States (US) contribution to the ongoing activities of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost that obtains temperatures in a large number of globally distributed monitoring sites in order to provide a snapshot of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. The US National Science Foundation funded this work with award #0520578, #0632400, #0856864, and #1304271. 

This work coordinates data collection using standard equipment and protocols at North American and Russian sites. These data sets provide the baseline to assess the future rates of change in near-surface permafrost temperatures and permafrost boundaries, and to provide spatial data for validation of climate scenario models and temperature reanalysis approaches. The work represents the United States (US) contribution to the ongoing activities of the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost that obtains temperatures in a large number of globally distributed monitoring sites in order to provide a snapshot of permafrost temperatures in both time and space. The US National Science Foundation (NSF) funded this work with award #0520578, #0632400, #0856864, and #1304271.