This paper presents a shake-table test study to investigate the displacement capacity of shear-dominated reinforced masonry wall systems and the influence of wall flanges and planar walls perpendicular to the direction of shaking (out-of-plane walls) on the seismic performance of a wall system. Two full-scale, single-story, fully grouted, reinforced masonry wall specimens were tested to the verge of collapse. Each specimen had two T-walls as the seismic force-resisting elements and a stiff roof diaphragm. The second specimen had six additional planar walls perpendicular to the direction of shaking. The two specimens reached maximum roof drift ratios of 17% and 13%, without collapsing. The high displacement capacities can be largely attributed to the presence of wall flanges and, for the second specimen, also the out-of-plane walls, which provided an alternative load path to carry the gravity load when the webs of the T-walls had been severely damaged. The second specimen developed a higher lateral resistance than the first owing to the additional axial compression exerted on the T-walls by the out-of-plane walls when the former rocked. The shear resistance of the T-walls evaluated with the design code formula matches the test result well when this additional axial compression is taken intomore »
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Since its commissioning in 2004, the UC San Diego Large High-Performance Outdoor Shake Table (LHPOST) has enabled the seismic testing of large structural, geostructural and soil-foundation-structural systems, with its ability to accurately reproduce far- and near-field ground motions. Thirty-four (34) landmark projects were conducted on the LHPOST as a national shared-use equipment facility part of the National Science Foundation (NSF) Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) and currently Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) programs, and an ISO/IEC Standard 17025:2005 accredited facility. The tallest structures ever tested on a shake table were conducted on the LHPOST, free from height restrictions. Experiments using the LHPOST generate essential knowledge that has greatly advanced seismic design practice and response predictive capabilities for structural, geostructural, and non-structural systems, leading to improved earthquake safety in the community overall. Indeed, the ability to test full-size structures has made it possible to physically validate the seismic performance of various systems that previously could only be studied at reduced scale or with computer models. However, the LHPOST's limitation of 1-DOF (uni-directional) input motion prevented the investigation of important aspects of the seismic response of 3-D structural systems. The LHPOST was originally conceived as a six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) shakemore »
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An accurate quantification of the displacement capacity of a reinforced masonry shear-wall system is of critical importance to seismic design because it has a direct implication on the seismic force modification factor, which is the R factor in ASCE 7. In spite of the shear capacity design requirement in TMS 402, special reinforced masonry walls within a building system could still develop shear-dominated behavior, which is perceived to be far more brittle than flexural behavior. These walls have a low shear-span ratio either because of the wall geometry (i.e., a low height-to-length ratio) or the coupling forces introduced by the horizontal diaphragms, which are often ignored in design. Although shear-dominated walls appeared to be very brittle in quasi-static tests conducted on single planar wall segments, reinforced masonry structures survived major ground shaking well in past earthquakes. This could be partly attributed to the beneficial influence of wall flanges as well as the over-strength of the system. Flanged walls are common in masonry buildings, but their behavior is not well understood because of the lack of laboratory test data. Furthermore, other walls or columns that are present in the structural system to carry gravity loads could enhance the lateral resistance ofmore »
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An accurate quantification of the displacement capacity of a reinforced masonry shear-wall system is of critical importance to seismic design because it has a direct implication on the seismic force modification factor, which is the R factor in ASCE 7. In spite of the shear capacity design requirement in TMS 402, special reinforced masonry walls within a building system could still develop shear-dominated behavior, which is perceived to be far more brittle than flexural behavior. These walls have a low shear-span ratio either because of the wall geometry (i.e., a low height-to-length ratio) or the coupling forces introduced by the horizontal diaphragms, which are often ignored in design. Although shear-dominated walls appeared to be very brittle in quasi-static tests conducted on single planar wall segments, reinforced masonry structures survived major ground shaking well in past earthquakes. This could be partly attributed to the beneficial influence of wall flanges as well as the over-strength of the system. Flanged walls are common in masonry buildings, but their behavior is not well understood because of the lack of laboratory test data. Furthermore, other walls or columns that are present in the structural system to carry gravity loads could enhance the lateral resistance ofmore »
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An accurate quantification of the displacement capacity of a reinforced masonry shear-wall system is of critical importance to seismic design because it has a direct implication on the seismic force modification factor, which is the R factor in ASCE 7. In spite of the shear capacity design requirement in TMS 402, special reinforced masonry walls within a building system could still develop shear-dominated behavior, which is perceived to be far more brittle than flexural behavior. These walls have a low shear-span ratio either because of the wall geometry (i.e., a low height-to-length ratio) or the coupling forces introduced by the horizontal diaphragms, which are often ignored in design. Although shear-dominated walls appeared to be very brittle in quasi-static tests conducted on single planar wall segments, reinforced masonry structures survived major ground shaking well in past earthquakes. This could be partly attributed to the beneficial influence of wall flanges as well as the over-strength of the system. Flanged walls are common in masonry buildings, but their behavior is not well understood because of the lack of laboratory test data. Furthermore, other walls or columns that are present in the structural system to carry gravity loads could enhance the lateral resistance ofmore »
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