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Abstract Imagine if it were possible to create 3D objects in the palm of your hand within seconds using only a single photonic chip. Although 3D printing has revolutionized the way we create in nearly every aspect of modern society, current 3D printers rely on large and complex mechanical systems to enable layer-by-layer addition of material. This limits print speed, resolution, portability, form factor, and material complexity. Although there have been recent efforts in developing novel photocuring-based 3D printers that utilize light to transform matter from liquid resins to solid objects using advanced methods, they remain reliant on bulky and complex mechanical systems. To address these limitations, we combine the fields of silicon photonics and photochemistry to propose the first chip-based 3D printer. The proposed system consists of only a single millimeter-scale photonic chip without any moving parts that emits reconfigurable visible-light holograms up into a simple stationary resin well to enable non-mechanical 3D printing. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrate a stereolithography-inspired proof-of-concept version of the chip-based 3D printer using a visible-light beam-steering integrated optical phased array and visible-light-curable resin, showing 3D printing using a chip-based system for the first time. This work demonstrates the first steps towards a highly-compact, portable, and low-cost solution for the next generation of 3D printers. 

A series of thiophene-fused boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) photoredox catalysts are systematically examined to identify structure–reactivity relationships that enable efficient near-infrared light-induced polymerizations. 

The present review provides both a summary and outlook on the exciting field of BODIPYs in polymer chemistry. 

Abstract Developing improved fluorescent probes for imaging the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is necessary for structure‐activity studies of this dynamic organelle. Two coumarin‐based compounds with sulfonamide side groups were synthesized and characterized asER‐targeting probes. Their selectivity to target theERin HeLa andGM07373 mammalian cells was shown with co‐localization experiments using commercially available probes that localize in theER, mitochondria, or lysozymes. The hydrophobicity of the coumarin‐based probes was comparable to known probes that partition into theERmembrane. Their cytotoxicity in mammalian cells was low withIC50 values that range from 205 to 252 μm. The fluorescent quantum yields of the coumarin‐based probes when excited with 400 nm light were 0.60, and they have a much narrower emission spectrum (from 435 to 525 nm in methanol) than that of the only commercially availableERprobe that is exited with 400 nm light (ER‐Tracker™ Blue‐WhiteDPX). Thus, the coumarin‐based probes are more useful for multicolor imaging with yellow and red emitting fluorophores. In addition to the above benefits,ERlabeling was achieved with the coumarin‐based probes in both live cells and fixed cells, revealing their versatility for a wide range of cellular imaging applications.