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The proliferation of malware in today’s society continues to impact industry, government, and academic organizations. The Dark Web provides cyber criminals with a venue to exchange and store malicious code and malware. Hence, this research develops a crawler to harvest source code, scripts, and executable files that are freely available on the Dark Web to investigate the proliferation of malware. Harvested executable files are analyzed with publicly accessible malware analysis tool services, including VirusTotal, Hybrid Analysis, and MetaDefender Cloud. The crawler crawls over 15 million web pages and collects over 20 thousand files consisting of code, scripts, and executable files. Analysis of the data examines the distribution of files collected from the Dark Web, the differences in the results between the analysis services, and the malicious classification of files. The results reveal that about 30% of the harvested executable files are considered malicious by the malware analysis tools. 

Abstract The yellow paper wasp, Polistes versicolor (Olivier) was first recorded in the Galapagos archipelago in 1988. Its life cycle and ecological impacts were studied on two islands 11 yr after it was first discovered. This invasive wasp adapted quickly and was found in most environments. Colony counts and adult wasp monitoring showed a strong preference for drier habitats. Nest activities were seasonally synchronized, nest building followed the rains in the hot season (typically January–May), when insect prey increases, and peaked as temperature and rains started to decline. Next, the number of adult wasps peaked during the cool season when there is barely any rain in the drier zones. In Galapagos, almost half of the prey loads of P. versicolor were lepidopteran larvae, but wasps also carried spiders, beetles, and flies back to the colonies. An estimated average of 329 mg of fresh insect prey was consumed per day for an average colony of 120–150 wasp larvae. The wasps preyed upon native and introduced insects, but likely also affect insectivorous vertebrates as competitors for food. Wasps may also compete with native pollinators as they regularly visited flowers to collect nectar, and have been recorded visiting at least 93 plant species in Galapagos, including 66 endemic and native plants. Colonies were attacked by a predatory moth, Taygete sphecophila (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae), but colony development was not arrested. High wasp numbers also affect the activities of residents and tourists. A management program for this invasive species in the archipelago is essential.