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Rechargeable Li-CO2 batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next generation batteries due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and ability to capture the greenhouse gas CO2. However, these batteries still face challenges such as slow reaction kinetic and short cycle performance due to the accumulation of discharge products. To address this issue, it is necessary to design and develop high efficiency electrocatalysts that can improve CO2 reduction reaction. In this study, we report the use of NiMn2O4 electrocatalysts combined with multiwall carbon nanotubes as a cathode material in the Li-CO2 batteries. This combination proved effective in decomposing discharge products and enhancing cycle performance. The battery shows stable discharge–charge cycles for at least 30 cycles with a high limited capacity of 1000 mAh/g at current density of 100 mA/g. Furthermore, the battery with the NiMn2O4@CNT catalyst exhibits a reversible discharge capacity of 2636 mAh/g. To gain a better understanding of the reaction mechanism of Li-CO2 batteries, spectroscopies and microscopies were employed to identify the chemical composition of the discharge products. This work paves a pathway to increase cycle performance in metal-CO2 batteries, which could have significant implications for energy storage and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. 

Rechargeable Li-CO₂batteries have emerged as promising candidates for next generation batteries due to their low cost, high theoretical capacity, and ability to capture the greenhouse gas CO₂. However, these batteries still face challenges such as slow reaction kinetic and short cycle performance due to the accumulation of discharge products. To address this issue, it is necessary to design and develop high efficiency electrocatalysts that can improve CO₂reduction reaction. In this study, we report the use of NiMn₂O₄electrocatalysts combined with multiwall carbon nanotubes as a cathode material in the Li-CO₂batteries. This combination proved effective in decomposing discharge products and enhancing cycle performance. The battery shows stable discharge–charge cycles for at least 30 cycles with a high limited capacity of 1000 mAh g⁻¹at current density of 100 mA g⁻¹. Furthermore, the battery with the NiMn₂O₄@CNT catalyst exhibits a reversible discharge capacity of 2636 mAh g⁻¹. To gain a better understanding of the reaction mechanism of Li-CO₂batteries, spectroscopies and microscopies were employed to identify the chemical composition of the discharge products. This work paves a pathway to increase cycle performance in metal-CO₂batteries, which could have significant implications for energy storage and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. 

WebAssembly, an emerging bytecode format, which is initially developed for partially replacing JavaScript and speeding up browser applications, has been extended to the server-side due to its speed and security promise. It has been considered as a promising alternative to the widely deployed container technique for isolating lightweight applications. To run WebAssmebly from the server-side, aside from the NodeJS runtime, several WebAssembly native runtimes have been proposed. We characterize majorWebAssembly runtimes through extensive applications and metrics. Our results show that different runtimes fit different application scenarios. Based on that, a framework for reducing the startup latency of WebAssembly service while keeping maximum performance is provided. To identify the root causes of the performance gap, the analysis of emerging Cranelift compiler against LLVM in detail is reported. In addition, this paper gives revealing suggestions and architectural proposals for designing an efficient WebAssembly runtime. Our work provides insights on both WebAssembly runtime enhancement and WebAssemblybased cloud service exploitation. 

Nowadays, the Radio Access Network (RAN) is resorting to Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm to enhance its architectural viability. However, our characterization of virtual RAN (vRAN) on modern processors depicts a frustrating picture of Single-Instruction Multi-Data (SIMD) acceleration. The data arrangement processes in vRAN software pipeline do not align data for efficient SIMD processing across the pipeline. Specifically, existing data arrangement processes cannot fully utilize the ALU ports in modern processors, which leads to high backend bound and fails to saturate the memory bandwidth between registers and L1 cache. To overcome the overburden, we thoroughly examine the stateof- the-art CPU architecture and find there are idle ports which could be utilized by the process. Motivated by this observation, we propose "Arithmetic Ports Consciousness Mechanism" (APCM) utilizing these idle ports to eliminate the backend bound and saturate the memory bandwidth. The APCM decreases the data arrangement’s backend bound from 45% to 3% and promotes its memory bandwidth utilization by 4X-16X. The CPU time of the data arrangement process can be reduced by 67% - 92% and the overall latency of the vRAN packet transmission is decreased by 12% - 20%. 

Lithium‐ion batteries have gradually reached their theoretical limits. To meet the growing demand for higher energy storage technology, finding alternative battery chemistries has become the major concern. Fortunately, lithium–sulfur batteries are considered the most promising next‐generation energy storage technology due to being cost‐effective and having high theoretical energy density. However, the further commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries is hindered due to the growth of lithium dendrites and the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides. This review provides an overview of the challenges facing lithium–sulfur batteries. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of lithium metal protection strategies is provided including electrolyte optimization, construction of artificial solid electrolyte layers, utilization of hosting materials, and design of separators, as well as a theoretical understanding and analysis of the underlying methods. This review puts forward general conclusions and prospects for the practical application of lithium–sulfur batteries in the future and the promotion of technology development of lithium metal batteries.