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Abstract Despite extensive development of flexible pressure sensors, it is still difficult for them to simultaneously achieve high precision and a large response to subtle pressures. To address these challenges, this work demonstrates a flexible pressure sensing platform that features the reduced graphene oxide aerogel sandwiched between a polydimethylsiloxane encapsulation layer and a thin polyimide film with interdigital electrodes. The resulting pressure sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 698.96 kPa⁻¹and a low limit of detection (~ 1 Pa), and outstanding stability over 20,000 loading/unloading cycles. Besides monitoring various physiological signals and human motions, the flexible pressure sensors can be configured into an array layout as a smart artificial electronic skin to recognize the spatial pressure distribution. The flexible pressure sensor can also be integrated with signal processing and wireless communication modules as a teleoperation system for gesture recognition, force feedback control, and kitchen food recognition, highlighting future potential toward smart robotics and human–machine interfaces. 

Summary In both plants and animals, tissue or organ regeneration typically follows wounding, which also activates defense responses against pathogenic microbes and herbivores. Both intrinsic and environmental cues guide the molecular decisions between regeneration and defense. In animal studies, extensive research has highlighted the role of various microbes – including pathogenic, commensal, and beneficial species – in influencing the signaling interplay between immunity and regeneration. Conversely, most plant regeneration studies are conducted under sterile conditions, which leaves a gap in our understanding of how plant innate immunity influences regeneration pathways. Recent findings have begun to elucidate the roles of key defense pathways in modulating plant regeneration and the crosstalk between these two processes. These studies also explore how microbes might influence the molecular choice between defense and regeneration in plants. This review examines the molecular mechanisms governing the balance between plant regeneration and innate immunity, with a focus on the emerging role of aging and microbial interactions in shaping these processes.