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  1. Abstract

    The exploration of topologically-ordered states of matter is a long-standing goal at the interface of several subfields of the physical sciences. Such states feature intriguing physical properties such as long-range entanglement, emergent gauge fields and non-local correlations, and can aid in realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, these same features also make creation, detection, and characterization of topologically-ordered states particularly challenging. Motivated by recent experimental demonstrations, we introduce a paradigm for quantifying topological states—locally error-corrected decoration (LED)—by combining methods of error correction with ideas of renormalization-group flow. Our approach allows for efficient and robust identification of topological order, and is applicable in the presence of incoherent noise sources, making it particularly suitable for realistic experiments. We demonstrate the power of LED using numerical simulations of the toric code under a variety of perturbations. We subsequently apply it to an experimental realization, providing new insights into a quantum spin liquid created on a Rydberg-atom simulator. Finally, we extend LED to generic topological phases, including those with non-abelian order.

     
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2025
  2. Abstract

    A symmetry of a state|ψis a unitary operator of which|ψis an eigenvector. When|ψis an unknown state supplied by a black-box oracle, the state’s symmetries provide key physical insight into the quantum system; symmetries also boost many crucial quantum learning techniques. In this paper, we develop a variational hybrid quantum–classical learning scheme to systematically probe for symmetries of|ψwith noa prioriassumptions about the state. This procedure can be used to learn various symmetries at the same time. In order to avoid re-learning already known symmetries, we introduce an interactive protocol with a classical deep neural net. The classical net thereby regularizes against repetitive findings and allows our algorithm to terminate empirically with all possible symmetries found. An iteration of the learning algorithm can be implemented efficiently with non-local SWAP gates; we also give a less efficient algorithm with only local operations, which may be more appropriate for current noisy quantum devices. We simulate our algorithm on representative families of states, including cluster states and ground states of Rydberg and Ising Hamiltonians. We also find that the numerical query complexity scales well for up to moderate system sizes.

     
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available July 18, 2025
  3. Chirality, or handedness, is a geometrical property denoting a lack of mirror symmetry. Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and is associated with the nonreciprocal interactions observed in complex systems ranging from biomolecules to topological materials. Here, we demonstrate that chiral arrangements of dipole-coupled atoms or molecules can facilitate the helicity-dependent superradiant emission of light. We show that the collective modes of these systems experience an emergent spin-orbit coupling that leads to chirality-dependent photon transport and nontrivial topological properties. These phenomena are fully described within the electric dipole approximation, resulting in very strong optical responses. Our results demonstrate an intimate connection between chirality, superradiance, and photon helicity and provide a comprehensive framework for studying electron transport dynamics in chiral molecules using cold atom quantum simulators.

    <supplementary-material><permissions><copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year></permissions></supplementary-material></sec> </div> <a href='#' class='show open-abstract' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a> <a href='#' class='hide close-abstract' style='margin-left:10px;'>« less</a> <div class="actions" style="padding-left:10px;"> <span class="reader-count"> Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2025</span> </div> </div><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/TechArticle"> <div class="item-info"> <div class="title"> <a href="https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10515582-breakdown-steady-state-superradiance-extended-driven-atomic-arrays" itemprop="url"> <span class='span-link' itemprop="name">Breakdown of steady-state superradiance in extended driven atomic arrays</span> </a> </div> <div> <strong> <a class="misc external-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.023206" target="_blank" title="Link to document DOI">https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.023206  <span class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></span></a> </strong> </div> <div class="metadata"> <span class="authors"> <span class="author" itemprop="author">Ostermann, Stefan</span> <span class="sep">; </span><span class="author" itemprop="author">Rubies-Bigorda, Oriol</span> <span class="sep">; </span><span class="author" itemprop="author">Zhang, Victoria</span> <span class="sep">; </span><span class="author" itemprop="author">Yelin, Susanne F</span> </span> <span class="year">( <time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2024-05-01">May 2024</time> , Physical Review Research) </span> </div> <div style="cursor: pointer;-webkit-line-clamp: 5;" class="abstract" itemprop="description"> <p>Recent advances in generating well controlled dense arrangements of individual atoms in free space have generated interest in understanding how the extended nature of these systems influences superradiance phenomena. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis on how space-dependent light shifts and decay rates induced by dipole-dipole interactions modify the steady-state properties of coherently driven arrays of quantum emitters. We characterize the steady-state phase diagram, with particular focus on the radiative properties in the steady state. Interestingly, we find that diverging from the well-established Dicke paradigm of equal all-to-all interactions significantly modifies the emission properties. In particular, the prominent quadratic scaling of the radiated light intensity with particle number in the steady state—a hallmark of steady-state Dicke superradiance—is entirely suppressed, resulting in only linear scaling with particle number. We show that this breakdown of steady-state superradiance occurs due to the emergence of additional dissipation channels that populate not only superradiant states but also subradiant ones. The additional contribution of subradiant dark states in the dynamics leads to a divergence in the time scales needed to achieve steady states. Building on this, we further show that measurements taken at finite times for extended atom ensembles reveal properties closely mirroring the idealized Dicke scenario.</p> <sec><supplementary-material><permissions><copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year></permissions></supplementary-material></sec> </div> <a href='#' class='show open-abstract' style='margin-left:10px;'>more »</a> <a href='#' class='hide close-abstract' style='margin-left:10px;'>« less</a> <div class="actions" style="padding-left:10px;"> <span class="reader-count"> Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2025</span> </div> </div><div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </li> <li> <div class="article item document" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/TechArticle"> <div class="item-info"> <div class="title"> <a href="https://par.nsf.gov/biblio/10504732-near-term-distributed-quantum-computation-using-mean-field-corrections-auxiliary-qubits" itemprop="url"> <span class='span-link' itemprop="name">Near-term distributed quantum computation using mean-field corrections and auxiliary qubits</span> </a> </div> <div> <strong> <a class="misc external-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad3f45" target="_blank" title="Link to document DOI">https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ad3f45  <span class="fas fa-external-link-alt"></span></a> </strong> </div> <div class="metadata"> <span class="authors"> <span class="author" itemprop="author">McClain Gomez, Abigail</span> <span class="sep">; </span><span class="author" itemprop="author">Patti, Taylor L.</span> <span class="sep">; </span><span class="author" itemprop="author">Anandkumar, Anima</span> <span class="sep">; </span><span class="author" itemprop="author">Yelin, Susanne F.</span> </span> <span class="year">( <time itemprop="datePublished" datetime="2024-05-03">May 2024</time> , Quantum Science and Technology) </span> </div> <div style="cursor: pointer;-webkit-line-clamp: 5;" class="abstract" itemprop="description"> <title>Abstract

    Distributed quantum computation is often proposed to increase the scalability of quantum hardware, as it reduces cooperative noise and requisite connectivity by sharing quantum information between distant quantum devices. However, such exchange of quantum information itself poses unique engineering challenges, requiring high gate fidelity and costly non-local operations. To mitigate this, we propose near-term distributed quantum computing, focusing on approximate approaches that involve limited information transfer and conservative entanglement production. We first devise an approximate distributed computing scheme for the time evolution of quantum systems split across any combination of classical and quantum devices. Our procedure harnesses mean-field corrections and auxiliary qubits to link two or more devices classically, optimally encoding the auxiliary qubits to both minimize short-time evolution error and extend the approximate scheme’s performance to longer evolution times. We then expand the scheme to include limited quantum information transfer through selective qubit shuffling or teleportation, broadening our method’s applicability and boosting its performance. Finally, we build upon these concepts to produce an approximate circuit-cutting technique for the fragmented pre-training of variational quantum algorithms. To characterize our technique, we introduce a non-linear perturbation theory that discerns the critical role of our mean-field corrections in optimization and may be suitable for analyzing other non-linear quantum techniques. This fragmented pre-training is remarkably successful, reducing algorithmic error by orders of magnitude while requiring fewer iterations.

     
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  4. Semidefinite programs are optimization methods with a wide array of applications, such as approximating difficult combinatorial problems. One such semidefinite program is the Goemans-Williamson algorithm, a popular integer relaxation technique. We introduce a variational quantum algorithm for the Goemans-Williamson algorithm that uses onlyn+1qubits, a constant number of circuit preparations, andpoly(n)expectation values in order to approximately solve semidefinite programs with up toN=2nvariables andMO(N)constraints. Efficient optimization is achieved by encoding the objective matrix as a properly parameterized unitary conditioned on an auxilary qubit, a technique known as the Hadamard Test. The Hadamard Test enables us to optimize the objective function by estimating only a single expectation value of the ancilla qubit, rather than separately estimating exponentially many expectation values. Similarly, we illustrate that the semidefinite programming constraints can be effectively enforced by implementing a second Hadamard Test, as well as imposing a polynomial number of Pauli string amplitude constraints. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol by devising an efficient quantum implementation of the Goemans-Williamson algorithm for various NP-hard problems, including MaxCut. Our method exceeds the performance of analogous classical methods on a diverse subset of well-studied MaxCut problems from the GSet library.

     
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  5. Recent experiments of chemical reactions in optical cavities have shown great promise to alter and steer chemical reactions, but still remain poorly understood theoretically. In particular, the origin of resonant effects between the cavity and certain vibrational modes in the collective limit is still subject to active research. In this paper, we study the unimolecular dissociation reactions of many molecules, collectively interacting with an infrared cavity mode, through their vibrational dipole moment. We find that the reaction rate can slow down by increasing the number of aligned molecules, if the cavity mode is resonant with a vibrational mode of the molecules. We also discover a simple scaling relation that scales with the collective Rabi splitting, to estimate the onset of reaction rate modification by collective vibrational strong coupling and numerically demonstrate these effects for up to 10 4 molecules. 
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