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  1. Abstract Background

    Globally, many undescribed fungal taxa reside in the hyperdiverse, yet undersampled, tropics. These species are under increasing threat from habitat destruction by expanding extractive industry, in addition to global climate change and other threats. Reserva Los Cedros is a primary cloud forest reserve of ~ 5256 ha, and is among the last unlogged watersheds on the western slope of the Ecuadorian Andes. No major fungal survey has been done there, presenting an opportunity to document fungi in primary forest in an underrepresented habitat and location. Above-ground surveys from 2008 to 2019 resulted in 1760 vouchered collections, cataloged and deposited at QCNE in Ecuador, mostly Agaricales sensu lato and Xylariales. We document diversity using a combination of ITS barcode sequencing and digital photography, and share the information via public repositories (GenBank & iNaturalist).

    Results

    Preliminary identifications indicate the presence of at least 727 unique fungal species within the Reserve, representing 4 phyla, 17 classes, 40 orders, 101 families, and 229 genera. Two taxa at Los Cedros have recently been recommended to the IUCN Fungal Red List Initiative (Thamnomyces chocöensisLæssøe and “Lactocollybia” aurantiacaSinger), and we add occurrence data for two others already under consideration (Hygrocybe aphyllaLæssøe & Boertm. andLamelloporus americanusRyvarden).

    Conclusions

    Plants and animals are known to exhibit exceptionally high diversity and endemism in the Chocó bioregion, as the fungi do as well. Our collections contribute to understanding this important driver of biodiversity in the Neotropics, as well as illustrating the importance and utility of such data to conservation efforts.

    Resumen

    Antecedentes: A nivel mundial muchos taxones fúngicos no descritos residen en los trópicos hiper diversos aunque continúan submuestreados. Estas especies están cada vez más amenazadas por la destrucción del hábitat debido a la expansión de la industria extractivista además del cambio climático global y otras amenazas. Los Cedros es una reserva de bosque nublado primario de ~ 5256 ha y se encuentra entre las últimas cuencas hidrográficas no explotadas en la vertiente occidental de los Andes ecuatorianos. Nunca antes se ha realizado un estudio de diversidad micológica en el sitio, lo que significa una oportunidad para documentar hongos en el bosque primario, en hábitat y ubicación subrepresentatadas. El presente estudio recopila información entre el 2008 y 2019 muestreando material sobre todos los sustratos, reportando 1760 colecciones catalogadas y depositadas en el Fungario del QCNE de Ecuador, en su mayoría Agaricales sensu lato y Xylariales; además se documenta la diversidad mediante secuenciación de códigos de barras ITS y fotografía digital, la información está disponible en repositorios públicos digitales (GenBank e iNaturalist).Resultados:La identificación preliminar indica la presencia de al menos 727 especies únicas de hongos dentro de la Reserva, que representan 4 filos, 17 clases, 40 órdenes, 101 familias y 229 géneros. Recientemente dos taxones en Los Cedros se recomendaron a la Iniciativa de Lista Roja de Hongos de la UICN (Thamnomyces chocöensisLæssøe y“Lactocollybia” aurantiacaSinger) y agregamos datos de presencia de otros dos que ya estaban bajo consideración (Hygrocybe aphyllaLæssøe & Boertm. yLamelloporus americanusRyvarden).Conclusiones:Se sabe que plantas y animales exhiben una diversidad y endemismo excepcionalmente altos en la bioregión del Chocó y los hongos no son la excepción. Nuestras colecciones contribuyen a comprender este importante promotor de la biodiversidad en el Neotrópico además de ilustrar la importancia y utilidad de dichos datos para los esfuerzos de conservación.

     
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  2. Abstract

    We evaluate the$$a_1(1260) \rightarrow \pi \sigma (f_0(500))$$a1(1260)πσ(f0(500))decay width from the perspective that the$$a_1(1260)$$a1(1260)resonance is dynamically generated from the pseudoscalar–vector interaction and the$$\sigma $$σarises from the pseudoscalar–pseudoscalar interaction. A triangle mechanism with$$a_1(1260) \rightarrow \rho \pi $$a1(1260)ρπfollowed by$$\rho \rightarrow \pi \pi $$ρππand a fusion of two pions within the loop to produce the$$\sigma $$σprovides the mechanism for this decay under these assumptions for the nature of the two resonances. We obtain widths of the order of 13–22 MeV. Present experimental results differ substantially from each other, suggesting that extra efforts should be devoted to the precise extraction of this important partial decay width, which should provide valuable information on the nature of the axial vector and scalar meson resonances and help clarify the role of the$$\pi \sigma $$πσchannel in recent lattice QCD calculations of the$$a_1$$a1.

     
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  3. Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 1, 2024
  4. Free, publicly-accessible full text available November 1, 2024