The discovery of carbon dots opens a new avenue to the applications of nanomaterials in biosensing and bioimaging. In this work, we develop simple methods to prepare carbon nanoparticles from xylose and to tune the photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of the xylose-derived carbon nanoparticles via the combination of three different processes: hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), annealing at 850 °C and laser ablation (LA) in a NH4OH solution. The HTC-synthesized carbon dots (CDs) exhibit green emission under the 365 nm UV excitation, the annealing of the HTC-synthesized CDs leads to complete loss of the PL characteristics, and the LA processing of the annealed carbon nanoparticles recovers the PL characteristics with blue shift in comparison to the HTC-synthesized CDs under the same UV excitation. the PL characteristics of the HTC-CDs and the LA-CDs are dependent on the
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Abstract π -π * transition of C-containing surface-functional groups andπ -π * and n-π * transitions of N-containing surface-functional groups, respectively, which are responsible for the difference in the PL characteristics between the HTC-synthesized CDs and the LA-processed CDs. The approaches demonstrated in this work provide a viable method to introduce and tune surface-functional groups on the surface of carbon nanoparticles. -
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The realization of biomass‐derived supercapacitors of high performance is of practical importance for the manufacturing of supercapacitors from green and renewable sources. Herein, the feasibility of constructing high‐performance supercapacitors from potato‐derived activated carbon (AC) is demonstrated. The potato‐derived AC is produced from potato mash through hydrothermal treatment and high‐temperature activation with KOH as agent. The supercapacitors with aqueous electrolyte of 6
m KOH and a mass loading of 5 mg per electrode achieve a specific gravimetric capacitance of 333.7 F g−1per electrode and a specific energy of 11.75 W h g−1at a specific power of 197.6 W kg−1at a current density of 0.4 A g−1under a nominal compressive stress of 7.96 MPa. The supercapacitors with a mass loading of 10 mg per electrode achieve the maximum specific gravimetric capacitance of 340.6 F g−1and a specific energy of 11.75 W h g−1at a specific power of 194.2 W kg−1at a current density of 0.4 A g−1under a nominal compressive stress of 7.96 MPa. Increasing the compaction of electrode materials under compressive stress has the potential to increase the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.
