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  1. null (Ed.)
    The high cost and growing environmental concerns surrounding lithium-ion batteries have motivated research into extending the life of electric vehicle(EV) batteries by repurposing them for second life grid applications. The incorporation of repurposed electric vehicle batteries (REVBs) has the potential to decrease the overall cost of new battery energy storage systems (BESS) and extend the useful life of the materials. This paper focuses on maximizing daily profit that can be made from REVBs by stacking two grid services such as frequency regulation and energy arbitrage while minimizing battery capital cost by using second life EV batteries. A model for battery management with stacked frequency regulation and energy arbitrage is developed and tested using PJM market data. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used to solve the optimization problem. It is found that REVBs can generate higher net profits than a new BESS. 
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  2. As an alternative, cleaner energy source, solar power is becoming a much bigger player in how electricity is generated and consumed. To assess how economically-viable solar power is in comparison to other forms of electricity, factors such as the return on investment (ROI) can be calculated. In addition, based on the average lifetime of an average photovoltaic (PV) system, energy purchase reduction, and revenue that can be generated by selling excess electricity back to the power grid, the economic viability of solar energy can be determined. The capital and commissioning cost of a PV system will continue to be a major factor in how viable a PV system will be. Thus, observing the trend in PV system costs over the past years will yield a point of grid parity, when solar becomes competitive with existing forms of energy generation, and show the most beneficial time frame for the customer to install the PV system. This paper seeks to provide some insight on how economic using solar energy can be. 
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