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Award ID contains: 1660253

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  1. One of the challenges in direct conversion Doppler radar lies in the dc offset resulted from antenna coupling. The dc offset may saturate the baseband amplifiers, preventing sufficient amplification of the received signal. In this work, a Coupling-Cancellation-Antenna (CCA) was implemented in the radar front end to enhance radar detection accuracy by minimizing the TX-RX antenna coupling. The idea is to have two transmitting antennas fed by signals with 180° phase difference such that the two signals cancel at the RX antenna. As a result, a larger receiver gain can be used to improve the signal to noise ratio without saturating the baseband output. Experimental validations of the CCA concept demonstrate 37-dB reduction in the TX-RX coupling. Furthermore, the CCA method reduces the detection error from 15.8% to 2.4%. 
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  2. Contact-based cardiac motion detection using Quadrature Doppler radar faces a challenge of the I/Q-formed non-arc constellation. In this work, a hypothesis is brought forward that such complicated constellation originates from not one, but two moving targets. The dual-motion model may very well explain that contact-based Doppler radar detects both atrium and ventricle motions during cardiac cycles. In this work, dual-motion simulation and phantom measurements are presented, verifying that the atrial-ventricular motions are the reason that I/Q baseband signals transcribe a complex non-arc constellation. It offers the first evidence that contact-based Doppler radar measures actual heart motion. 
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  3. In this paper a phase shifter based multi-arc circle fitting method was proposed to improve accuracy of Doppler radar remote motion sensing. Experiments were conducted to validate the approach by measuring displacement of 3 mm using 2.4 GHz quadrature continuous wave (CW) Doppler radar. It was demonstrated that mean error drops from 4.529% to 1.073% when multiple shifting arcs are utilized to enhance detection accuracy. A greater improvement in accuracy is observed when more arcs are applied. 
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