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In nature, structural and functional materials often form programmed three-dimensional (3D) assembly to perform daily functions, inspiring researchers to engineer multifunctional 3D structures. Despite much progress, a general method to fabricate and assemble a broad range of materials into functional 3D objects remains limited. Herein, to bridge the gap, we demonstrate a freeform multimaterial assembly process (FMAP) by integrating 3D printing (fused filament fabrication (FFF), direct ink writing (DIW)) with freeform laser induction (FLI). 3D printing performs the 3D structural material assembly, while FLI fabricates the functional materials in predesigned 3D space by synergistic, programmed control. This paper showcases the versatility of FMAP in spatially fabricating various types of functional materials (metals, semiconductors) within 3D structures for applications in crossbar circuits for LED display, a strain sensor for multifunctional springs and haptic manipulators, a UV sensor, a 3D electromagnet as a magnetic encoder, capacitive sensors for human machine interface, and an integrated microfluidic reactor with a built-in Joule heater for nanomaterial synthesis. This success underscores the potential of FMAP to redefine 3D printing and FLI for programmed multimaterial assembly. 

In nature, structural and functional materials often form programmed three-dimensional (3D) assembly to perform daily functions, inspiring researchers to engineer multifunctional 3D structures. Despite much progress, a general method to fabricate and assemble a broad range of materials into functional3D objects remains limited. Herein, to bridge the gap, we demonstrate a freeform multimaterial assembly process (FMAP) by integrating 3D printing(fused filament fabrication (FFF), direct ink writing (DIW)) with freeform laser induction (FLI). 3D printing performs the 3D structural material assembly, while FLI fabricates the functional materials in predesigned 3D space by synergistic, programmed control. This paper showcases the versatility of FMAP in spatially fabricating various types of functional materials (metals, semiconductors) within 3D structures for applications in crossbar circuits for LED display, a strain sensor for multifunctional springs and haptic manipulators, a UV sensor, a 3D electromagnet as a magnetic encoder, capacitive sensors for human machine interface, and an integrated microfluidic reactor with a built-in Joule heater for nanomaterial synthesis. This success under-scores the potential of FMAP to redefine 3D printing and FLI for programmed multimaterial assembly. 

The SML model was trained on both direct experimental and indirect physics-informed features to predict graphene quality synthesized from Flash Joule heating. With anR²of 0.81, the model performs better compared to 0.73 without indirect features. 

The ever-increasing demand for novel polymers with superior properties requires a deeper understanding and exploration of the chemical space. Recently, data-driven approaches to explore the chemical space for polymer design have emerged. Among them, inverse design strategies for designing polymers with specific properties have evolved to be a significant materials informatics platform by learning hidden knowledge from materials data as well as smartly navigating the chemical space in an optimized way. In this review, we first summarize the progress in the representation of polymers, a prerequisite step for the inverse design of polymers. Then, we systematically introduce three data-driven strategies implemented for the inverse design of polymers, i.e. , high-throughput virtual screening, global optimization, and generative models. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of the data-driven strategies as well as optimization algorithms employed in the inverse design of polymers. 

We report the synthesis of a novel metal‐organic capsule constructed from six pyrogallol[4]arene macrocycles, which are switched together by 16 Fe(III) and 16 Co(II) ions. This supramolecular structure represents the first instance of a spheroidal heterometallic nanocage assembled through a one‐step metal‐ligand coordination approach. This new assembly also demonstrates an important proof of concept through the formation of multiple heterometallic metal‐metal interactions within the capsule framework. Photophysical and electrochemical studies of self‐assembled capsule films indicate their potential as semiconductors. These materials display unexpected photoelectric conversion properties, thus representing an emergent phenomenon in discrete metal‐organic supramolecular assemblies.