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Abstract MotivationPolygenic risk score (PRS) has been widely exploited for genetic risk prediction due to its accuracy and conceptual simplicity. We introduce a unified Bayesian regression framework, NeuPred, for PRS construction, which accommodates varying genetic architectures and improves overall prediction accuracy for complex diseases by allowing for a wide class of prior choices. To take full advantage of the framework, we propose a summary-statistics-based cross-validation strategy to automatically select suitable chromosome-level priors, which demonstrates a striking variability of the prior preference of each chromosome, for the same complex disease, and further significantly improves the prediction accuracy. ResultsSimulation studies and real data applications with seven disease datasets from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium cohort and eight groups of large-scale genome-wide association studies demonstrate that NeuPred achieves substantial and consistent improvements in terms of predictive r2 over existing methods. In addition, NeuPred has similar or advantageous computational efficiency compared with the state-of-the-art Bayesian methods. Availability and implementationThe R package implementing NeuPred is available at https://github.com/shuangsong0110/NeuPred. Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. 

Abstract The multiple-try Metropolis method is an interesting extension of the classical Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. However, theoretical understanding about its usefulness and convergence behavior is still lacking. We here derive the exact convergence rate for the multiple-try Metropolis Independent sampler (MTM-IS) via an explicit eigen analysis. As a by-product, we prove that an naive application of the MTM-IS is less efficient than using the simpler approach of “thinned” independent Metropolis–Hastings method at the same computational cost. We further explore more variants and find it possible to design more efficient algorithms by applying MTM to part of the target distribution or creating correlated multiple trials.