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In recent years, Wyoming has developed Computer Science (CS) standards for adoption and use within K-12 classrooms. These standards, adopted in January of 2022, go into effect for the 2022-2023 school year. The University of Wyoming has offered two different computer science week-long professional developments for teachers. Many K-12 teachers do not have a CS background, so developing CS lessons plans can be a challenge in these PDs.This research study is centered around three central questions: 1) To what extent did K-12 teachers integrate computing topics into their PD created lesson plans; 2) How do the teacher perceptions from the two CS PDs compare to each other; and 3) How was the CS PD translated to classroom activity? The first PD opportunity (n=14), was designed to give hands-on learning with CS topics focused on cybersecurity. The second PD opportunity (n=28), focused on integrating CS into existing curricula. At the end of each of these PDs, teacher K-12 teachers incorporated CS topics into their selected existing lesson plan(s). Additionally, a support network was implemented to support excellence in CS education throughout the state. This research study team evaluated the lesson plans developed during each PD event, by using a rubric on each lesson plan. Researchers collected exit surveys from the teachers. Implementation metrics were also gathered, including, how long each lesson lasted, how many students were involved in the implementation, what grades the student belonged to, the basic demographics of the students, the type of course the lesson plan was housed in, if the K-12 teacher reached their intended purpose, what evidence the K-12 teacher had of the success of their lesson plan, data summaries based on supplied evidence, how the K-12 teachers would change the lesson, the challenges and successes they experienced, and samples of student work. Quantitative analysis was basic descriptive statistics. Findings, based on evaluation of 40+ lessons, taught to over 1500 K-12 students, indicate that when assessed on a three point rubric of struggling, emerging, or excellent - certain components (e.g., organization, objectives, integration, activities & assessment, questions, and catch) of K-12 teacher created lessons plans varied drastically. In particular, lesson plan organization, integration, and questions each had a significant number of submissions which were evaluated as "struggling" [45%, 46%, 41%] through interesting integration, objectives, activities & assessment, and catch all saw submissions which were evaluated as "excellent" [43%, 48%, 43%, 48%]. The relationship between existing K-12 policies and expectations surfaces within these results and in combination with other findings leads to implications for the translation of current research practices into pre-collegiate PDs. 

For 2 weeks in the summer of 2018, K-12 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) teachers ( n = 40) attended a professional development (PD) that included four sessions focused on computer science modeling with follow-up academic year sessions; however, overall, the teachers did not incorporate or utilize modeling means or how as the instructors intended. The purpose of the study is to examine why this occurred, and the authors looked at the teachers’ modeling discourse. Using two theories to connect to practice (terministic screens, and schema theory), the authors collected data via the surveys, interviews, and email reflections. The authors analyzed the results via coding to explore participants’ concept of models and the potential difficulties of implementing computer modeling in their classrooms. Findings show that the term model was interpreted differently by the PD’s faculty team and participants. Further, the authors found that the majority of presenters held differing theories of models than the participants. Participant concepts of models did improve slightly after the PD, but lingering model concepts caused confusion with the anticipated PD results. Conclusions include five general modeling concepts which are presented and explained. Implications are provided showcasing articulated keys for delivering PD that assists in eliminating discursive and theoretical issues. Included are considerations for STEM teacher educators, PD providers, and K-12 teachers. The main study limitations include mixed K-12 teaching participants, distance between participants, a self-selected population, and non-generalizable findings based on qualitative work. Future directions are outlined. 

Computer science, cybersecurity education, and microcredentials are becoming more pervasive in all levels of the educational system. The purpose of this study was partnering with precollegiate teachers: (1) to investigate the self-efficacy of 30 precollegiate teacher participants towards computer science before, during, and after three iterations of a cybersecurity microcredential, and (2) to make changes to the cybersecurity microcredential to improve its effectiveness. The authors explored what teachers need in a microcredential. The first Cohort (n = 5) took the microcredential sequence over 28 days in the summer of 2020, the second Cohort (n = 16) took it over 42 days in the fall of 2020, and the third Cohort (n = 9) took it over 49 days in the summer of 2021. The authors investigated three research questions and used a systems thinking approach while developing, evaluating, and implementing the research study. The researchers used quantitative methods in the collection of a self-efficacy subscale survey to assess whether the precollegiate teachers’ beliefs about computer science changed, and then used qualitative methods when conducting semi-structured teacher participant interviews to address the research questions. The findings show that the precollegiate teachers’ self-efficacy scores towards computer science increased, and that there are areas in need of attention, such as resources and implementation, when creating microcredentials. The implications of this research include the importance of purposefully crafting microcredentials and professional developments, including aspects of creating effective partnerships. 

Wyoming recently mandated that computer science instruction be provided in K-12 schools by 2022, and there is an urgent need for designing instruction that can integrate computer science into the teaching of other subjects. This project assembles a network improvement community comprised of partners from the University of Wyoming, community colleges, Wyoming school districts, the Wyoming Library System, the Wyoming Department of Education, and local software development firms. The community meets once monthly over the duration of the project to collaborate stakeholder agendas for meeting the project goals. The community enlists K-8 teachers from across the state to experience professional development and collaborate on integrating computer science into their instruction of STEM and social science topics. The project is producing units for teachers, who are implementing these units with support from master teachers and educational scholars. The community serves as a forum for teachers to debrief and learn from each other about ways to improve their instruction and design of the curricular units. Libraries in the state system act as partners for dissemination to rural areas of the innovative instructional approaches. WySLICE prepares 150 K-8 teachers and state librarians from all disciplines to integrate computer science into their teaching. The project is reaching almost half of all K-8 students in Wyoming. The research questions address how teachers use modeling practices as supports for student understanding of algorithms and coding in a variety of ways. The curricula involve cybersecurity as well as other topics relevant to measurement in mathematics and social studies topics that involve social concerns like voting. Data sources include teacher lesson plans and recordings of their instructional implementation, scoring of each of these according to a rubric, meeting notes of monthly meetings, and results from pre-post student assessments. The evaluation focuses on the meeting of project goals and the quality of the management of the network improvement community. This project is jointly funded by CS for All and the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR). This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under DRL Grant #1923542 "CS For All:RPP - Booting Up Computer Science in Wyoming." 

This poster focuses on K-12 STEM teachers' computational thinking while using unplugged cybersecurity activities and exploring cybersecurity applications within self-paced micro-credentials. As a result, they share the most successful and challenging unplugged cybersecurity activities. The pilot micro-credentials were created to assess their effectiveness at enabling K-12 teachers to meaningfully their own materials to develop students’ STEM readiness and increase their engagement with cybersecurity, while enabling unplugged activities to transfer to a more mathematical mindset. The two pilot studies, focusing on K-12 teacher participants, included an initial micro-credential in the 2020 summer (n=5) which informed and enhanced a second micro-credential module sequence in the fall 2020 semester (n=16). Pilot 2 consisted of a total of five modules after refining it from feedback from pilot 1, which had only 2 modules. Researchers performed a mixed-methods study, which included qualitative data collected through interviews and focus groups. Additionally, content knowledge questions and attitude surveys were also used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Results indicate that the majority of K-12 teachers who participated in the micro-credential pilots were able to make connections between unplugged activities and a mathematical mindset. The poster presents these findings and also includes additional resources for further exploration and inspiration. 

The current state of computer science education has garnered concern across the world as the demand for computer science literacy has grown in professional careers. Computer science is integral to problem solving across the STEM field. Motivated by the need to teach students crucial computer science skills, outreach camps were held for middle and high school students and specifically focused on cybersecurity. This research focused on two main questions: 1. How do week-long outreach activities impact student interest in cybersecurity? 2. How do these activities influence student behavior online? 

This work discusses ongoing experiences in creating interdisciplinary solutions to the development of cybersecurity/computer science skills for K-12 teachers. Participants for this work were K-12 teachers; the work was conducted during the summer semester of 2020. Nine K-12 teachers enrolled in the pilot course, and five K-12 teachers completed modules 0 & 1 of the cybersecurity course. This work describes a month long, self-paced cybersecurity micro-credential which consisted of an introduction to cybersecurity and the CIA Triad (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Accessibility). The primary research question explores the extent to which the cybersecurity micro-credential was considered helpful in understanding cybersecurity concepts and principles. The authors utilized quantitative and qualitative data collection via four methods: 1) content knowledge quiz (quantitative); 2) focus group (qualitative); 3) five semi-structured interviews (qualitative) and 4) two bi-weekly progress reports (qualitative). Qualitatively, focus group, semi-structured interview questions, and bi-weekly progress reports were coded and grouped into major themes by searching descriptive words. Quantitatively, a moderate positive relationship was found between post-test scores and total time in hours spent on modules 0 & 1. The main limitation is the sample size (n=5), which is too small to produce generalizable results. The work showcases innovative tools for teaching cybersecurity.