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  1. The effectiveness of clarification question models in engaging users within search systems is currently constrained, casting doubt on their overall usefulness. To improve the performance of these models, it is crucial to employ assessment approaches that encompass both real-time feedback from users (online evaluation) and the characteristics of clarification questions evaluated through human assessment (offline evaluation). However, the relationship between online and offline evaluations has been debated in information retrieval. This study aims to investigate how this discordance holds in search clarification. We use user engagement as ground truth and employ several offline labels to investigate to what extent the offline ranked lists of clarification resemble the ideal ranked lists based on online user engagement. Contrary to the current understanding that offline evaluations fall short of supporting online evaluations, we indicate that when identifying the most engaging clarification questions from the user’s perspective, online and offline evaluations correspond with each other. We show that the query length does not influence the relationship between online and offline evaluations, and reducing uncertainty in online evaluation strengthens this relationship. We illustrate that an engaging clarification needs to excel from multiple perspectives, and SERP quality and characteristics of the clarification are equally important. We also investigate if human labels can enhance the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Learning-to-Rank (LTR) models in identifying the most engaging clarification questions from the user’s perspective by incorporating offline evaluations as input features. Our results indicate that LTR models do not perform better than individual offline labels. However, GPT, an LLM, emerges as the standout performer, surpassing all LTR models and offline labels. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 31, 2026
  2. Shah, Chirag; White, Ryen (Ed.)
  3. We introduce MarunaBot V2, an advanced Task-Oriented Dialogue System (TODS) primarily aimed at aiding users in cooking and Do-It-Yourself tasks. We utilized large language models (LLMs) for data generation and inference, and implemented hybrid methods for intent classification, retrieval, and question answering, striking a balance between efficiency and performance. A key feature of our system is its multi-modal capabilities. We have incorporated a multi-modal enrichment technique that uses a fine-tuned CLIP model to supplement recipe instructions with pertinent images, a custom Diffusion model for image enhancement and generation, and a method for multi-modal option matching. A unique aspect of our system is its user-centric development approach, facilitated by a custom tool for tracking user interactions and swiftly integrating feedback. For a demonstration of our system, visit https://youtu.be/4MNI-puv_eE. 
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  4. We introduce MarunaBot V2, an advanced Task-Oriented Dialogue System (TODS) primarily aimed at aiding users in cooking and Do-It-Yourself tasks. We utilized large language models (LLMs) for data generation and inference, and implemented hybrid methods for intent classification, retrieval, and question answering, striking a balance between efficiency and performance. A key feature of our system is its multi-modal capabilities. We have incorporated a multi-modal enrichment technique that uses a fine-tuned CLIP model to supplement recipe instructions with pertinent images, a custom Diffusion model for image enhancement and generation, and a method for multi-modal option matching. A unique aspect of our system is its user-centric development approach, facilitated by a custom tool for tracking user interactions and swiftly integrating feedback. For a demonstration of our system, visit https://youtu.be/4MNI-puv_eE. 
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