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Abstract We present upgraded infrastructure for Searches After Gravitational waves Using ARizona Observatories (SAGUARO) during LIGO, Virgo, and KAGRA’s fourth gravitational-wave (GW) observing run (O4). These upgrades implement many of the lessons we learned after a comprehensive analysis of potential electromagnetic counterparts to the GWs discovered during the previous observing run. We have developed a new web-based target and observation manager (TOM) that allows us to coordinate sky surveys, vet potential counterparts, and trigger follow-up observations from one centralized portal. The TOM includes software that aggregates all publicly available information on the light curves and possible host galaxies of targets, allowing us to rule out potential contaminants like active galactic nuclei, variable stars, solar system objects, and preexisting supernovae, as well as to assess the viability of any plausible counterparts. We have also upgraded our image-subtraction pipeline by assembling deeper reference images and training a new neural-network-based real–bogus classifier. These infrastructure upgrades will aid coordination by enabling the prompt reporting of observations, discoveries, and analysis to the GW follow-up community, and put SAGUARO in an advantageous position to discover kilonovae in the remainder of O4 and beyond. Many elements of our open-source software stack have broad utility beyond multimessenger astronomy, and will be particularly relevant in the “big data” era of transient discoveries by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory. 

A TOM Toolkit plugin module to enable users to send and receive messages via the Hermes astronomical messaging service.  Developed in collaboration with the Scaleable Infrastructure for Multi-Messenger Astrophysics project. 

A TOM Toolkit plugin module designed to enable users to submit requests for Target-Of-Opportunity observations to the Neil Gehrel's Swift Space Telescope. 

A TOM Toolkit plugin application designed for astrophysical events that are non-localized in position on sky, such as gravitational wave detections.  This plugin includes functionality for gathering and displaying alert information from GraceDB, and can associate a number of targets with each event instance.  It supports the creation of active and retired lists of candidate targets to facilitate follow-up observations. 

Framework for building Target and Observation Manager systems for the management of astronomical projects.     v2.19.6 includes a substantial revision to the target model that enables users to customize the parameters and functions associated with the astronomical targets they study, as well as improved target cross-matching.