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High resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) is a technique used to map elastic strain, crystallographic orientation and dislocation density in a scanning electron microscope. This review covers the background and mathematics of this technique, contextualizing it within the broader landscape of EBSD techniques and other materials characterization methods. Several case studies are presented showing the application of HR-EBSD to the study of plasticity in metals, failure analysis in microelectronics and defect quantification in thin films. This is intended to be a comprehensive resource for researchers developing this technique as well as an introduction to those wishing to apply it. 

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an essential plant hormone that regulates multiple aspects of plant development and numerous abiotic stress responses (Cutler et al., 2010; Waadt et al., 2022). In fact, at the heart of plants’ responses to stresses such as salinity, drought, and hypertonic conditions, among others, is this phytohormone (Cutler et al., 2010; Waadt et al., 2022). Interestingly, stress-triggered and developmental responses to this hormone have been found to involve basic RNA metabolism components, including the two subunits of the nuclear cap-binding complex, ABA HYPERSENSITIVE1 (ABH1/CBP80) and CBP20 (Hugouvieux et al., 2001). Additionally, multiple lines of evidence have linked small RNA (smRNA)-mediated RNA silencing to ABA responses (Gregory et al., 2008; Laubinger et al., 2008). A new study by Yan et al. (2025) has provided new insights regarding how RNA degradation and silencing factors modulate smRNA biogenesis from NITRATE REDUCTASE1/2 transcripts to affect ABA-regulated abiotic stress responses. 

This beginner’s guide is intended for plant biologists new to network analysis. Here, we introduce key concepts and resources for researchers interested in incorporating network analysis into research, either as a stand-alone component for generating hypotheses or as a framework for examining and visualizing experimental results. Network analysis provides a powerful tool to predict gene functions. Advances in and reduced costs for systems biology techniques, such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, have generated abundant -omics data for plants; however, the functional annotation of plant genes lags. Therefore, predictions from network analysis can be a starting point to annotate genes and ultimately elucidate genotype-phenotype relationships. In this paper, we introduce networks and compare network-building resources available for plant biologists, including databases and software for network analysis. We then compare four databases available for plant biologists in more detail: AraNet, GeneMANIA, ATTED-II, and STRING. AraNet, and GeneMANIA are functional association networks, ATTED-II is a gene coexpression database, and STRING is a protein-protein interaction database. AraNet, and ATTED-II are plant-specific databases that can analyze multiple plant species, whereas GeneMANIA builds networks for Arabidopsis thaliana and non-plant species, and STRING for multiple species. Finally, we compare the performance of the four databases in predicting known and probable gene functions of the A. thaliana Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y) genes. We conclude that plant biologists have an invaluable resource in these databases and discuss how users can decide which type of database to use depending on their research question. 

This Editorial introduces the Virtual Issue ‘Nectar and nectaries’ that includes the following papers: Ballarinet al.(2024), Griersonet al.(2024), Grof‐Tiszaet al.(2025), Landucci & Vannette (2025), Liaoet al.(2025), MacNeillet al.(2025), Magneret al.(2023, 2024, 2025), Minet al.(2019), Mouet al.(2025), Parkinsonet al.(2025), Quevedo‐Caraballoet al.(2025), Ramoset al.(2025), Romero‐Bravo & Castellanos (2024), Soareset al.(2025), Turneret al.(2025), Zhaiet al.(2025), Zhanget al.(2020). Access the Virtual Issue atwww.newphytologist.com/virtualissues. 

Abstract This introduction to a special issue offers a broad outline of habeas corpus historiography and explains the historical significance of that legal mechanism for people throughout the American West. It also explains the links between the special issue’s three articles—by Katrina Jagodinsky, Matthew Villeneuve, and Cory James Young—about women’s resistance to gendered violence, Indigenous families challenging federal Indian boarding school confinement, and Black minors’ ongoing vulnerability to coercive labor in the late nineteenth century. 

Precipitation data were collected on a daily time-scale from the Saddle climate station (3525 m) since 1981. Over time, various circumstances have led to days with missing values. Some of these values were estimated from nearby climate stations for years up to 2008 using the methods described in METHODS. 

The Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) project studies N and P acquisition and limitation of forest productivity through a series of nutrient manipulations in northern hardwood forests. This data set includes tree diameters at breast height (DBH) collected pre-treatment (2008, 2009, and 2010), and post-treatment (2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 

Abstract This review article discusses some common enhanced sampling methods in relation to the process of self-assembly of biomolecules. An introduction to self-assembly and its challenges is covered followed by a brief overview of the methods and analysis for replica-exchange molecular dynamics, umbrella sampling, metadynamics, and machine learning based techniques. Applications of select methods towards peptides, proteins, polymers, and nucleic acids are discussed. Finally, a short discussion of the future directions of some of these methods is provided. 

IntroductionPapionins are a well-studied and morphologically diverse clade of cercopithecid monkeys. Understanding how craniodental morphology varies in this clade has implications for interpreting taxonomic variation in the fossil record and for our understanding of primate evolution. MethodsWe quantified the phenotypic relationship between facial length and dental proportions in N=314 cercopithecid individuals across 10 species (six papionins, two cercopithecins, and two colobines) using dental ratios MMC (molar module component, ratio of the lengths of the third and first molars) and PMM (premolar-molar module, ratio of the lengths of the second molar and the fourth premolar) and two metrics of facial length: palatal length and prosthion – glabella. ResultsFacial length and molar dental proportions are significantly correlated interspecifically across cercopithecids (PGLS, p<0.01), where species with longer faces have relatively longer maxillary and mandibular third molars. These traits are generally not correlated intraspecifically in the cercopithecids sampled, with some exceptions. DiscussionOur data demonstrate that prognathic faces evolved convergently at least twice in papionins, with parsimony supporting that Papio/Theropithecus shared a prognathic ancestor after the divergence of Lophocebus. Additionally, this study lends support to the hypothesis that facial reduction and third molar reduction in human evolution were coordinated and may have been the result of pleiotropy alongside changes in diet.