Parts fabricated via directed energy additive manufacturing (AM) can experience very high, localized temperature gradients during manufacture. These temperature gradients are conducive to the formation of a complex residual stress field within such parts. In the study, a thermo-mechanical model is employed for predicting the temperature distribution and residual stress in Ti-6Al-4V parts fabricated using laserpowder bed fusion (L-PBF). The result is utilized for determining a relationship between local part temperature gradients with generated residual stress. Using this numerical model, the effects of scan patterns are investigated.
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Effects of Inter-Layer Time Interval on Temperature Gradients in Direct Laser Deposited Ti-6Al-4V
Parts fabricated via additive manufacturing (AM) methods are prone to experiencing high temperature gradients during manufacture resulting in internal residual stress formation. In the current study, a numerical model for predicting the temperature distribution and residual stress in Directed Energy Deposited (DED) Ti–6Al–4V parts is utilized for determining a relationship between local part temperature gradients with generated residual stress. Effects of time interval between successive layer deposits, as well as layer deposition itself, on the temperature gradient vector for the first and each layer is investigated. The numerical model is validated using thermographic measurements of Ti-6Al-4V specimens fabricated via Laser Engineered Net Shaping® (LENS), a blown-powder/laser-based DED method. Results demonstrate the heterogeneity in the part’s spatiotemporal temperature field, and support the fact that as the part number, or single part size or geometry, vary, the resultant residual stress due to temperature gradients will be impacted. As the time inter-layer time interval increases from 0 to 10 second, the temperature gradient magnitude in vicinity of the melt pool will increase slightly.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1657195
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10023973
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 175-184
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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