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1. Characterization and printability of Sodium alginate -Gelatin hydrogel for bioprinting NSCLC co-culture

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55034-9  

   Mondal, Arindam ; Gebeyehu, Aragaw ; Miranda, Mariza ; Bahadur, Divya ; Patel, Nilkumar ; Ramakrishnan, Subhramanian ; Rishi, Arun K. ; Singh, Mandip ( December 2019 , Scientific Reports)

   3D bioprinting improves orientation ofin vitrotumor models by offering layer by layer positioning of cancer cells and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) which can replicate tumor microenvironment. Aim of this study was to develop a sodium alginate -gelatin (SA-GL) hydrogel by optimizing rheological parameters to print non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient derived xenograft (PDX) cells and lung CAFs co-cultures. SA-GL hydrogels were prepared, and rheological properties were evaluated. Both the cells were mixed with the hydrogel and printed using INKREDIBLE bioprinter. Hydrogels prepared with 3.25% and 3.5% (w/v) SA and 4% (w/v) GL showed higher printability and cell viability. A significant decline in viscosity with shear rate was observed in these hydrogels suggesting the shear thinning property of hydrogels. Spheroid size distribution after 15 days was in the diameter range of 50–1100 µm. Up-regulation of vimentin, α-SMA and loss of E-cadherin in co-culture spheroids confirmed cellular crosstalk. This study demonstrates that rheological optimization of SA-GL hydrogel enhances printability and viability of NSCLC PDX and CAF co-culture which allows 3D co-culture spheroid formation within the printed scaffold. Therefore, this model can be used for studying high throughput drug screening and other pre-clinical applications.

    

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2. Inkjet Bioprinting of 3D Silk Fibroin Cellular Constructs Using Sacrificial Alginate

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00432  

   Compaan, Ashley M. ; Christensen, Kyle ; Huang, Yong ( August 2016 , ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering)
3. Hydrogel Alginate Considerations for Improved 3D Matrix Stability and Cell Graft Viability and Function in Studying Type 1 Diabetes In Vitro

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202300502  

   Quiroz, Victor M. ; Wang, Yuanjia ; Rakoski, Amanda I. ; Kasinathan, Devi ; Neshat, Sarah Y. ; Hollister‐Lock, Jennifer ; Doloff, Joshua C. ( January 2024 , Advanced Biology)

   Biomedical devices such as islet‐encapsulating systems are used for treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite recent strides in preventing biomaterial fibrosis, challenges remain for biomaterial scaffolds due to limitations on cells contained within. The study demonstrates that proliferation and function of insulinoma (INS‐1) cells as well as pancreatic rat islets may be improved in alginate hydrogels with optimized gel%, crosslinking, and stiffness. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)‐based graft phenotyping of encapsulated INS‐1 cells and pancreatic islets identified a hydrogel stiffness range between 600 and 1000 Pa that improved insulin Ins and Pdx1 gene expression as well as glucose‐sensitive insulin‐secretion. Barium chloride (BaCl₂) crosslinking time is also optimized due to toxicity of extended exposure. Despite possible benefits to cell viability, calcium chloride (CaCl₂)‐crosslinked hydrogels exhibited a sharp storage modulus loss in vitro. Despite improved stability, BaCl₂‐crosslinked hydrogels also exhibited stiffness losses over the same timeframe. It is believed that this is due to ion exchange with other species in culture media, as hydrogels incubated in dIH₂O exhibited significantly improved stability. To maintain cell viability and function while increasing 3D matrix stability, a range of useful media:dIH₂O dilution ratios for use are identified. Such findings have importance to carry out characterization and optimization of cell microphysiological systems with high fidelity in vitro.

    

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4. Development of microcapsules using chitosan and alginate via W/O emulsion for the protection of hydrophilic compounds by comparing with hydrogel beads

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.089  

   Wang, Yuxiao ; Tan, Chen ; Davachi, Seyed Mohammad ; Li, Peilong ; Davidowsky, Philip ; Yan, Bing ( April 2021 , International Journal of Biological Macromolecules)

   null (Ed.)
5. Extrusion‐Based 3D Bioprinting of Adhesive Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Using Hybrid Functionalized Hydrogel Bioinks

   https://doi.org/10.1002/adbi.202300124  

   Chen, Shuai ; Tomov, Martin L. ; Ning, Liqun ; Gil, Carmen J. ; Hwang, Boeun ; Bauser‐Heaton, Holly ; Chen, Haifeng ; Serpooshan, Vahid ( July 2023 , Advanced Biology)

   Adhesive tissue engineering scaffolds (ATESs) have emerged as an innovative alternative means, replacing sutures and bioglues, to secure the implants onto target tissues. Relying on their intrinsic tissue adhesion characteristics, ATES systems enable minimally invasive delivery of various scaffolds. This study investigates development of the first class of 3D bioprinted ATES constructs using functionalized hydrogel bioinks. Two ATES delivery strategies, in situ printing onto the adherend versus printing and then transferring to the target surface, are tested using two bioprinting methods, embedded versus air printing. Dopamine‐modified methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA‐Dopa) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) are used as the main bioink components, enabling fabrication of scaffolds with enhanced adhesion and crosslinking properties. Results demonstrate that dopamine modification improved adhesive properties of the HAMA‐Dopa/GelMA constructs under various loading conditions, while maintaining their structural fidelity, stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. While directly printing onto the adherend yields superior adhesive strength, embedded printing followed by transfer to the target tissue demonstrates greater potential for translational applications. Together, these results demonstrate the potential of bioprinted ATESs as off‐the‐shelf medical devices for diverse biomedical applications.

    

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