More Like this

1. Linking the genomic signatures of human beat synchronization and learned song in birds

   https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0329  

   Gordon, Reyna L.; Ravignani, Andrea; Hyland Bruno, Julia; Robinson, Cristina M.; Scartozzi, Alyssa; Embalabala, Rebecca; Niarchou, Maria; Cox, Nancy J.; Creanza, Nicole (October 2021, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences)

   null (Ed.)

   The development of rhythmicity is foundational to communicative and social behaviours in humans and many other species, and mechanisms of synchrony could be conserved across species. The goal of the current paper is to explore evolutionary hypotheses linking vocal learning and beat synchronization through genomic approaches, testing the prediction that genetic underpinnings of birdsong also contribute to the aetiology of human interactions with musical beat structure. We combined state-of-the-art-genomic datasets that account for underlying polygenicity of these traits: birdsong genome-wide transcriptomics linked to singing in zebra finches, and a human genome-wide association study of beat synchronization. Results of competitive gene set analysis revealed that the genetic architecture of human beat synchronization is significantly enriched for birdsong genes expressed in songbird Area X (a key nucleus for vocal learning, and homologous to human basal ganglia). These findings complement ethological and neural evidence of the relationship between vocal learning and beat synchronization, supporting a framework of some degree of common genomic substrates underlying rhythm-related behaviours in two clades, humans and songbirds (the largest evolutionary radiation of vocal learners). Future cross-species approaches investigating the genetic underpinnings of beat synchronization in a broad evolutionary context are discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’. 

   more » « less
2. Cooperative breeding in songbirds promotes female song but slows the evolution of song elaboration

   https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.06.26.600822  

   Snyder, Kate T; Loughran-Pierce, Aleyna; Creanza, Nicole (June 2024, bioRxiv)

   Bird song has historically been characterized as a primarily male behavior that evolves through sexual selection pressures involved in mate attraction. More recently, researchers showed that female song is far more prevalent in songbirds than previously thought, raising new questions about how other social functions of birdsong and sexual selection pressures on females might affect song evolution. Certain breeding systems, particularly cooperative breeding, are hypothesized to change social dynamics and sexual selection pressures on males and females and may thus influence song evolution in both. Here, we construct a large-scale database synthesizing species-level information on the presence of female song, the characteristics of presumably male song, social variables, and breeding systems, and we perform comparative phylogenetic analyses. Our results suggest that cooperative breeding and female song co-occur significantly more than expected and exhibit co-evolutionary dynamics; in particular, cooperative breeding appears to decrease the likelihood that female song is lost. Notably, we find evidence that these trends might be linked to certain social features associated with cooperative breeding, including social bond stability, but not others, such as increased group size. In addition, we observe that song repertoire size appears to evolve more slowly in cooperative breeding lineages. Overall, our findings demonstrate that cooperative breeding may have complex and sex-specific effects on song evolution, maintaining female song while slowing the rate of male song elaboration, suggesting that song in cooperatively breeding species could function in ways that differ from the traditional mate-attraction paradigm and that lesser-studied functions of songs may be evolutionarily consequential. 

   more » « less
3. Relaxed Feeding Constraints Facilitate the Evolution of Mouthbrooding in Neotropical Cichlids

   https://doi.org/10.1086/719235  

   Weller, Hannah I.; López-Fernández, Hernán; McMahan, Caleb D.; Brainerd, Elizabeth L. (June 2022, The American Naturalist)
4. Inspiring song: The role of respiratory circuitry in the evolution of vertebrate vocal behavior

   https://doi.org/10.1002/dneu.22752  

   Barkan, Charlotte L.; Zornik, Erik (May 2020, Developmental Neurobiology)

   Abstract Vocalization is a common means of communication across vertebrates, but the evolutionary origins of the neural circuits controlling these behaviors are not clear. Peripheral mechanisms of sound production vary widely: fish produce sounds with a swimbladder or pectoral fins; amphibians, reptiles, and mammalians vocalize using a larynx; birds vocalize with a syrinx. Despite the diversity of vocal effectors across taxa, there are many similarities in the neural circuits underlying the control of these organs. Do similarities in vocal circuit structure and function indicate that vocal behaviors first arose in a single common ancestor, or have similar neural circuits arisen independently multiple times during evolution? In this review, we describe the hindbrain circuits that are involved in vocal production across vertebrates. Given that vocalization depends on respiration in most tetrapods, it is not surprising that vocal and respiratory hindbrain circuits across distantly related species are anatomically intermingled and functionally linked. Such vocal‐respiratory circuit integration supports the hypothesis that vocal evolution involved the expansion and functional diversification of breathing circuits. Recent phylogenetic analyses, however, suggest vocal behaviors arose independently in all major tetrapod clades, indicating that similarities in vocal control circuits are the result of repeated co‐options of respiratory circuits in each lineage. It is currently unknown whether vocal circuits across taxa are made up of homologous neurons, or whether vocal neurons in each lineage arose from developmentally and evolutionarily distinct progenitors. Integrative comparative studies of vocal neurons across brain regions and taxa will be required to distinguish between these two scenarios. 

   more » « less
5. Sex-Specific Selection Drives the Evolution of Alternative Splicing in Birds

   https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaa242  

   Rogers, Thea F; Palmer, Daniela H; Wright, Alison E (September 2020, Molecular Biology and Evolution)

   Arkhipova, Irina (Ed.)

   Abstract Males and females of the same species share the majority of their genomes, yet they are frequently exposed to conflicting selection pressures. Gene regulation is widely assumed to resolve these conflicting sex-specific selection pressures, and although there has been considerable focus on elucidating the role of gene expression level in sex-specific adaptation, other regulatory mechanisms have been overlooked. Alternative splicing enables different transcripts to be generated from the same gene, meaning that exons which have sex-specific beneficial effects can in theory be retained in the gene product, whereas exons with detrimental effects can be skipped. However, at present, little is known about how sex-specific selection acts on broad patterns of alternative splicing. Here, we investigate alternative splicing across males and females of multiple bird species. We identify hundreds of genes that have sex-specific patterns of splicing and establish that sex differences in splicing are correlated with phenotypic sex differences. Additionally, we find that alternatively spliced genes have evolved rapidly as a result of sex-specific selection and suggest that sex differences in splicing offer another route to sex-specific adaptation when gene expression level changes are limited by functional constraints. Overall, our results shed light on how a diverse transcriptional framework can give rise to the evolution of phenotypic sexual dimorphism. 

   more » « less