Abstract Molecules with unstable isotopes often contain heavy and deformed nuclei and thus possess a high sensitivity to parity-violating effects, such as the Schiff moments. Currently the best limits on Schiff moments are set with diamagnetic atoms. Polar molecules with quantum-enhanced sensing capabilities, however, can offer better sensitivity. In this work, we consider the prototypical 223 Fr 107 Ag molecule, as the octupole deformation of the unstable 223 Fr francium nucleus amplifies the nuclear Schiff moment of the molecule by two orders of magnitude relative to that of spherical nuclei and as the silver atom has a large electron affinity. To develop a competitive experimental platform based on molecular quantum systems, 223 Fr atoms and 107 Ag atoms have to be brought together at ultracold temperatures. That is, we explore the prospects of forming 223 Fr 107 Ag from laser-cooled Fr and Ag atoms. We have performed fully relativistic electronic-structure calculations of ground and excited states of FrAg that account for the strong spin-dependent relativistic effects of Fr and the strong ionic bond to Ag. In addition, we predict the nearest-neighbor densities of magnetic-field Feshbach resonances in ultracold 223 Fr + 107 Ag collisions with coupled-channel calculations. These resonances can be used for magneto-association into ultracold, weakly-bound FrAg. We also determine the conditions for creating 223 Fr 107 Ag molecules in their absolute ground state from these weakly-bound dimers via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage using our calculations of the relativistic transition electric dipole moments.
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Introducing DDEC6 atomic population analysis: part 3. Comprehensive method to compute bond orders
Developing a comprehensive method to compute bond orders is a problem that has eluded chemists since Lewis's pioneering work on chemical bonding a century ago. Here, a computationally efficient method solving this problem is introduced and demonstrated for diverse materials including elements from each chemical group and period. The method is applied to non-magnetic, collinear magnetic, and non-collinear magnetic materials with localized or delocalized bonding electrons. Examples studied include the stretched O 2 molecule, 26 diatomic molecules, 3d and 5d transition metal solids, periodic materials with 1 to 8748 atoms per unit cell, a biomolecule, a hypercoordinate molecule, an electron deficient molecule, hydrogen bound systems, transition states, Lewis acid–base complexes, aromatic compounds, magnetic systems, ionic materials, dispersion bound systems, nanostructures, and other materials. From near-zero to high-order bonds were studied. Both the bond orders and the sum of bond orders for each atom are accurate across various bonding types: metallic, covalent, polar-covalent, ionic, aromatic, dative, hypercoordinate, electron deficient multi-centered, agostic, and hydrogen bonding. The method yields similar results for correlated wavefunction and density functional theory inputs and for different S Z values of a spin multiplet. The method requires only the electron and spin magnetization density distributions as input and has a computational cost scaling linearly with increasing number of atoms in the unit cell. No prior approach is as general. The method does not apply to electrides, highly time-dependent states, some extremely high-energy excited states, and nuclear reactions.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1555376
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10042797
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- RSC Adv.
- Volume:
- 7
- Issue:
- 72
- ISSN:
- 2046-2069
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 45552 to 45581
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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The DDEC6 method is one of the most accurate and broadly applicable atomic population analysis methods. It works for a broad range of periodic and non-periodic materials with no magnetism, collinear magnetism, and non-collinear magnetism irrespective of the basis set type. First, we show DDEC6 charge partitioning to assign net atomic charges corresponds to solving a series of 14 Lagrangians in order. Then, we provide flow diagrams for overall DDEC6 analysis, spin partitioning, and bond order calculations. We wrote an OpenMP parallelized Fortran code to provide efficient computations. We show that by storing large arrays as shared variables in cache line friendly order, memory requirements are independent of the number of parallel computing cores and false sharing is minimized. We show that both total memory required and the computational time scale linearly with increasing numbers of atoms in the unit cell. Using the presently chosen uniform grids, computational times of ∼9 to 94 seconds per atom were required to perform DDEC6 analysis on a single computing core in an Intel Xeon E5 multi-processor unit. Parallelization efficiencies were usually >50% for computations performed on 2 to 16 cores of a cache coherent node. As examples we study a B-DNA decamer, nickel metal, supercells of hexagonal ice crystals, six X@C 60 endohedral fullerene complexes, a water dimer, a Mn 12 -acetate single molecule magnet exhibiting collinear magnetism, a Fe 4 O 12 N 4 C 40 H 52 single molecule magnet exhibiting non-collinear magnetism, and several spin states of an ozone molecule. Efficient parallel computation was achieved for systems containing as few as one and as many as >8000 atoms in a unit cell. We varied many calculation factors ( e.g. , grid spacing, code design, thread arrangement, etc. ) and report their effects on calculation speed and precision. We make recommendations for excellent performance.more » « less
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- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07400j
