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Title: Ultra-Red Galaxies Signpost Candidate Proto-Clusters at High Redshift
We present images obtained with LABOCA on the APEX telescope of a sample of 22 galaxies selected via their red Herschel SPIRE 250-, 350- and $$500\textrm{-}\mu\textrm{m}$$ colors. We aim to see if these luminous, rare and distant galaxies are signposting dense regions in the early Universe. Our $$870\textrm{-}\mu\textrm{m}$$ survey covers an area of $$\approx0.8\,\textrm{deg}^2$$ down to an average r.m.s. of $$3.9\,\textrm{mJy beam}^{-1}$$, with our five deepest maps going $$\approx2\times$$ deeper still. We catalog 86 DSFGs around our 'signposts', detected above a significance of $$3.5\sigma$$. This implies a $$100\pm30\%$$ over-density of $$S_{870}>8.5\,\textrm{mJy}$$ DSFGs, excluding our signposts, when comparing our number counts to those in 'blank fields'. Thus, we are $$99.93\%$$ confident that our signposts are pinpointing over-dense regions in the Universe, and $$\approx95\%$$ confident that these regions are over-dense by a factor of at least $$\ge1.5\times$$. Using template SEDs and SPIRE/LABOCA photometry we derive a median photometric redshift of $$z=3.2\pm0.2$$ for our signposts, with an interquartile range of $$z=2.8\textrm{-}3.6$$. We constrain the DSFGs likely responsible for this over-density to within $$|\Delta z|\le0.65$$ of their respective signposts. These 'associated' DSFGs are radially distributed within $$1.6\pm0.5\,\textrm{Mpc}$$ of their signposts, have median SFRs of $$\approx(1.0\pm0.2)\times10^3\,M_{\odot}\,\textrm{yr}^{-1}$$ (for a Salpeter stellar IMF) and median gas reservoirs of $$\sim1.7\times10^{11}\,M_{\odot}$$. These candidate proto-clusters have average total SFRs of at least $$\approx (2.3\pm0.5)\times10^3\,M_{\odot}\,\textrm{yr}^{-1}$$ and space densities of $$\sim9\times10^{-7}\,\textrm{Mpc}^{-3}$$, consistent with the idea that their constituents may evolve to become massive ETGs in the centers of the rich galaxy clusters we see today.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1614213
PAR ID:
10058277
Author(s) / Creator(s):
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more » ; ; ; « less
Date Published:
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical journal
ISSN:
0004-637X
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
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