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1. Arctic Ocean Primary Productivity.

   Frey, K.E (October 2017, In: Arctic Report Card 2017, NOAA, http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2017/ArtMID/7798/ArticleID/701/Arctic-Ocean-Primary-Productivity)
2. The Diel Cycle of Surface Ocean Elemental Stoichiometry has Implications for Ocean Productivity

   https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007092  

   Garcia, Nathan_S; Talmy, David; Fu, Wei‐Wei; Larkin, Alyse_A; Lee, Jenna; Martiny, Adam_C (March 2022, Global Biogeochemical Cycles)

   Abstract Environmentally driven variability in the elemental stoichiometry of ocean plankton plays a key role in ocean biogeochemical processes. Recent studies have identified clear regional variability in C:N:P, but less is known about the environmental regulation of diel variability in plankton elemental stoichiometry. Here, we quantified the amplitude of the diel variability in C:N of surface ocean particles (<30 μm,C:N_amp) across large latitudinal gradients in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. We commonly observed diel oscillations in C:N and biome‐specific variability inC:N_amp. Temperature emerged as the strongest predictor ofC:N_amp, relative to the supply of nitrate. We propose thatC:N_ampis positively related to photosynthesis and respiration and thus phytoplankton growth rates. We find that independent growth rate proxies and an ecosystem model support this hypothesis. In addition, the temperature sensitivity ofC:N_amphas aQ₁₀of 1.78 corroborating studies of phytoplankton growth rates. Surface communities across the Indian Ocean transect had a very small dependency on nitrate, whereas recycled nitrogen sources were by far the most preferred and the ratio of recycled‐N:nitrate utilization increased with increasingC:N_amp. To predict future changes inC:N_amp, we combined our statistical model with data from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project for the years 1990 and 2090. The results suggest that future rising temperatures will yield increasedC:N_amp. Collectively, our results imply that rising surface ocean temperatures lead to elevated phytoplankton growth rates supported by recycled nutrients. 

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3. Ocean carbon from space: Current status and priorities for the next decade

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.104386  

   Brewin, Robert J.W.; Sathyendranath, Shubha; Kulk, Gemma; Rio, Marie-Hélène; Concha, Javier A.; Bell, Thomas G.; Bracher, Astrid; Fichot, Cédric; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Galí, Martí; et al (May 2023, Earth-Science Reviews)
4. Strong glacial-interglacial variability in upper ocean hydrodynamics, biogeochemistry, and productivity in the southern Indian Ocean

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00148-0  

   Tangunan, Deborah; Berke, Melissa A.; Cartagena-Sierra, Alejandra; Flores, José Abel; Gruetzner, Jens; Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco; LeVay, Leah J.; Baumann, Karl-Heinz; Romero, Oscar; Saavedra-Pellitero, Mariem; et al (December 2021, Communications Earth & Environment)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract In the southern Indian Ocean, the position of the subtropical front – the boundary between colder, fresher waters to the south and warmer, saltier waters to the north – has a strong influence on the upper ocean hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry. Here we analyse a sedimentary record from the Agulhas Plateau, located close to the modern position of the subtropical front and use alkenones and coccolith assemblages to reconstruct oceanographic conditions over the past 300,000 years. We identify a strong glacial-interglacial variability in sea surface temperature and productivity associated with subtropical front migration over the Agulhas Plateau, as well as shorter-term high frequency variability aligned with variations in high latitude insolation. Alkenone and coccolith abundances, in combination with diatom and organic carbon records indicate high glacial export productivity. We conclude that the biological pump was more efficient and strengthened during glacial periods, which could partly account for the reported reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. 

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5. FluxSat: Measuring the Ocean–Atmosphere Turbulent Exchange of Heat and Moisture from Space

   https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12111796  

   Gentemann, Chelle L.; Clayson, Carol Anne; Brown, Shannon; Lee, Tong; Parfitt, Rhys; Farrar, J. Thomas; Bourassa, Mark; Minnett, Peter J.; Seo, Hyodae; Gille, Sarah T.; et al (June 2020, Remote Sensing)

   null (Ed.)

   Recent results using wind and sea surface temperature data from satellites and high-resolution coupled models suggest that mesoscale ocean–atmosphere interactions affect the locations and evolution of storms and seasonal precipitation over continental regions such as the western US and Europe. The processes responsible for this coupling are difficult to verify due to the paucity of accurate air–sea turbulent heat and moisture flux data. These fluxes are currently derived by combining satellite measurements that are not coincident and have differing and relatively low spatial resolutions, introducing sampling errors that are largest in regions with high spatial and temporal variability. Observational errors related to sensor design also contribute to increased uncertainty. Leveraging recent advances in sensor technology, we here describe a satellite mission concept, FluxSat, that aims to simultaneously measure all variables necessary for accurate estimation of ocean–atmosphere turbulent heat and moisture fluxes and capture the effect of oceanic mesoscale forcing. Sensor design is expected to reduce observational errors of the latent and sensible heat fluxes by almost 50%. FluxSat will improve the accuracy of the fluxes at spatial scales critical to understanding the coupled ocean–atmosphere boundary layer system, providing measurements needed to improve weather forecasts and climate model simulations. 

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