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1. Introduction to the Indian Ocean

   https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822698-8.00015-9  

   Hood, Raleigh R; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Phillips, Helen E; Sprintall, Janet (January 2024, Elsevier)
2. Bacterial biogeography of the Indian Ocean

   https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12459  

   Brock, Melissa L.; Larkin, Alyse A.; Raes, Eric J.; Martiny, Adam C. (November 2023, Limnology and Oceanography)

   Abstract Historically, our understanding of bacterial ecology in the Indian Ocean has been limited to regional studies that place emphasis on community structure and function within oxygen‐minimum zones. Thus, bacterial community dynamics across the wider Indian Ocean are largely undescribed. As part of Bio‐GO‐SHIP, we sequenced the 16S rRNA gene from 465 samples collected on sections I07N and I09N. We found that (1) there were 23 distinct bioregions within the Indian Ocean, (2) the southeastern gyre had the largest gradient in bacterial alpha‐diversity, (3) the Indian Ocean surface microbiome was primarily composed of a core set of taxa, and (4) bioregions were characterized by transitions in physical and geochemical conditions. Overall, we showed that bacterial community structure spatially delineated the surface Indian Ocean and that these microbially defined regions were reflective of subtle ocean physical and geochemical gradients. Therefore, incorporating metrics of in situ microbial communities into marine ecological regions traditionally defined by remote sensing will improve our ability to delineate warm, oligotrophic regions. 

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3. Indian Monsoon Rainfall

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   Clemens, S.C.; Kuhnt, W.; LeVay, L.J. (July 2016, Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program)

   null (Ed.)

   International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 353 drilled six sites in the Bay of Bengal, recovering 4280 m of sediments during 32.9 days of on-site drilling. The primary objective of Expedition 353 is to reconstruct changes in Indian monsoon circulation since the Miocene at tectonic to centennial timescales. Analysis of the sediment sections recovered will improve our understanding of how monsoonal climates respond to changes in forcing external to the Earth’s climate system (i.e., insolation) and changes in forcing internal to the Earth’s climate system, including changes in continental ice volume, greenhouse gas concentrations, sea level, and the ocean-atmosphere exchange of energy and moisture. All of these mechanisms play critical roles in current and future climate change in monsoonal regions. The primary signal targeted is the exceptionally low salinity surface waters that result, in roughly equal measure, from both direct summer monsoon precipitation above the Bay of Bengal and runoff from the numerous large river basins that drain into the Bay of Bengal. Changes in rainfall and surface ocean salinity are captured and preserved in a number of chemical, physical, isotopic, and biological components of sediments deposited in the Bay of Bengal. Expedition 353 sites are strategically located in key regions where these signals are the strongest and best preserved. 

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4. Palaeoclimate perspectives on the Indian Ocean Dipole

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106302  

   Abram, Nerilie J.; Hargreaves, Jessica A.; Wright, Nicky M.; Thirumalai, Kaustubh; Ummenhofer, Caroline C.; England, Matthew H. (June 2020, Quaternary Science Reviews)
5. Middle Holocene Indian summer monsoon variability and its impact on cultural changes in the Indian subcontinent

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106825  

   Rawat, Varsha; Rawat, Suman; Srivastava, Priyeshu; Negi, P.S.; Prakasam, Muthusamy; Kotlia, Bahadur Singh (March 2021, Quaternary Science Reviews)