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1. Flood frequency estimation and uncertainty in arid/semi-arid regions

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125254  

   Metzger, Asher ; Marra, Francesco ; Smith, James A. ; Morin, Efrat ( November 2020 , Journal of Hydrology)

   null (Ed.)
2. Deltas in Arid Environments

   https://doi.org/10.3390/w13121677  

   Day, John ; Goodman, Reed ; Chen, Zhongyuan ; Hunter, Rachael ; Giosan, Liviu ; Wang, Yanna ( June 2021 , Water)

   Due to increasing water use, diversion and salinization, along with subsidence and sea-level rise, deltas in arid regions are shrinking worldwide. Some of the most ecologically important arid deltas include the Colorado, Indus, Nile, and Tigris-Euphrates. The primary stressors vary globally, but these deltas are threatened by increased salinization, water storage and diversion, eutrophication, and wetland loss. In order to make these deltas sustainable over time, some water flow, including seasonal flooding, needs to be re-established. Positive impacts have been seen in the Colorado River delta after flows to the delta were increased. In addition to increasing freshwater flow, collaboration among stakeholders and active management are necessary. For the Nile River, cooperation among different nations in the Nile drainage basin is important. River flow into the Tigris-Euphrates River delta has been affected by politics and civil strife in the Middle East, but some flow has been re-allocated to the delta. Studies commissioned for the Indus River delta recommended re-establishment of some monthly water flow to maintain the river channel and to fight saltwater intrusion. However, accelerating climate impacts, socio-political conflicts, and growing populations suggest a dire future for arid deltas. 

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3. Extreme weather events and transmission losses in arid streams

   https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2949  

   Schreiner-McGraw, Adam ; Ajami, Hoori ; Vivoni, Enrique R ( June 2019 , Environmental Research Letters)
4. Severe drought limits trees in a semi‐arid savanna

   https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2842  

   Case, Madelon F. ; Wigley‐Coetsee, Corli ; Nzima, Noel ; Scogings, Peter F. ; Staver, A. Carla ( August 2019 , Ecology)
5. Belowground responses to altered precipitation regimes in two semi-arid grasslands

   https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/2d233f4ba9af3a13b564a1c6364704c7  

   Holguin, Jennifer ; Collins, Scott L ; McLaren, Jennie R ( January 2022 , Environmental Data Initiative)

   Predicted climate change extremes, such as severe and prolonged drought, may profoundly impact biogeochemical processes like carbon and nitrogen cycling in water-limited ecosystems. To increase our understanding of how extreme climate events impact belowground ecosystem processes, we investigated the effects of five years of severe growing season drought and two-month delay in monsoon precipitation on belowground productivity and biogeochemical processes in two semi-arid grasslands. This experiment takes place during the fifth year of the Extreme Drought in Grassland Experiment (EDGE) at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (SNWR), a Long-Term Ecological Research in central New Mexico, USA. The two grassland sites a Chihuahuan Desert grassland dominated by Bouteloua eriopoda and Great Plains grassland dominated by B. gracilis are ~5km apart in the SWNR. The EDGE platform was established in the spring of 2012 (pre-treatment). Each site contains three treatments (ten replicates): ambient rainfall, extreme growing season drought, and delayed monsoon. The extreme drought treatment reduces growing season rainfall (April through September) each year by 66%, which equates to a 50% reduction of annual precipitation while maintaining natural precipitation patterns. There are 10 replicates per treatment within each site. All plots are 3 x 4 m in size and are paired spatially into blocks with treatments assigned randomly within a block. We measured an array of belowground and biogeochemical variables. Each variable was measured either once, twice, or three times (specific information on sampling scheme for each measured variable in methods section). Belowground net primary productivity, standing crop root biomass, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen were measured once. Extractable organic carbon, extractable total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and extracellular enzymes were measured twice. Available soil nitrate, available soil ammonium, and available soil phosphate were measured three times. 

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