skip to main content


Title: Catalyst‐Sidearm‐Induced Stereoselectivity Switching in Polymerization of a Racemic Lactone for Stereocomplexed Crystalline Polymer with a Circular Life Cycle
Abstract

Construction of robust, stereocomplexed (sc) crystalline material, based on a recently discovered infinitely recyclable polymer system, requires blending of enantiomeric polymer chains produced from respective enantiopure, fused six‐five bicyclic lactones. Herein, the stereoselective polymerization of the racemic monomer by yttrium catalysts bearing tetradentate ligands is reported, where the tethered donor sidearm switches the heteroselectivity of the catalyst to isoselectivity when it is changed from the β‐OMe to β‐NMe2sidearm. The latter catalyst produces an isotactic stereoblock polymer (Pmup to 0.95) that forms the crystalline sc‐material with aTmof up to 171 °C. This sc‐material can be fully depolymerized back to rac‐monomer in a quantitative yield and purity, thus establishing its circular life cycle.

 
more » « less
Award ID(s):
1664915
PAR ID:
10082264
Author(s) / Creator(s):
 ;  
Publisher / Repository:
Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Volume:
58
Issue:
4
ISSN:
1433-7851
Page Range / eLocation ID:
p. 1178-1182
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Abstract

    Construction of robust, stereocomplexed (sc) crystalline material, based on a recently discovered infinitely recyclable polymer system, requires blending of enantiomeric polymer chains produced from respective enantiopure, fused six‐five bicyclic lactones. Herein, the stereoselective polymerization of the racemic monomer by yttrium catalysts bearing tetradentate ligands is reported, where the tethered donor sidearm switches the heteroselectivity of the catalyst to isoselectivity when it is changed from the β‐OMe to β‐NMe2sidearm. The latter catalyst produces an isotactic stereoblock polymer (Pmup to 0.95) that forms the crystalline sc‐material with aTmof up to 171 °C. This sc‐material can be fully depolymerized back to rac‐monomer in a quantitative yield and purity, thus establishing its circular life cycle.

     
    more » « less
  2. Abstract

    The most reliable single-epoch supermassive black hole mass (MBH) estimates in quasars are obtained by using the velocity widths of low-ionization emission lines, typically the Hβλ4861 line. Unfortunately, this line is redshifted out of the optical band atz≈ 1, leavingMBHestimates to rely on proxy rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) emission lines, such as Civλ1549 or Mgiiλ2800, which contain intrinsic challenges when measuring, resulting in uncertainMBHestimates. In this work, we aim at correctingMBHestimates derived from the Civand Mgiiemission lines based on estimates derived from the Hβemission line. We find that employing the equivalent width of Civin derivingMBHestimates based on Mgiiand Civprovides values that are closest to those obtained from Hβ. We also provide prescriptions to estimateMBHvalues when only Civ, only Mgii, and both Civand Mgiiare measurable. We find that utilizing both emission lines, where available, reduces the scatter of UV-basedMBHestimates by ∼15% when compared to previous studies. Lastly, we discuss the potential of our prescriptions to provide more accurate and precise estimates ofMBHgiven a much larger sample of quasars at 3.20 ≲z≲ 3.50, where both Mgiiand Hβcan be measured in the same near-infrared spectrum.

     
    more » « less
  3. ABSTRACT

    This article reports a chain‐growth coupling polymerization of AB difunctional monomer via copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction for synthesis of star polymers. Unlike our previously reported CuAAC polymerization of ABn(n ≥ 2) monomers that spontaneously demonstrated a chain‐growth mechanism in synthesis of hyperbranched polymer, the homopolymerization of AB monomer showed a common but less desired step‐growth mechanism as the triazole groups aligned in a linear chain could not effectively confine the Cu catalyst in the polymer species. In contrast, the use of polytriazole‐based core molecules that contained multiple azido groups successfully switched the polymerization of AB monomers into chain‐growth mechanism and produced 3‐arm star polymers and multi‐arm hyperstar polymers with linear increase of polymer molecular weight with conversion and narrow molecular weight distribution, for example,Mw/Mn ~ 1.05. When acid‐degradable hyperbranched polymeric core was used, the obtained hyperstar polymers could be easily degraded under acidic environment, producing linear degraded arms with defined polydispersity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci.2020,58, 84–90

     
    more » « less
  4. We present JWST/NIRSpec integral field data of the quasar PJ308-21 atz = 6.2342. As shown by previous ALMA and HST imaging, the quasar has two companion sources, interacting with the quasar host galaxy. The high-resolution G395H/290LP NIRSpec spectrum covers the 2.87 − 5.27 μm wavelength range and shows the rest-frame optical emission of the quasar with exquisite quality (signal-to-noise ratio ∼100 − 400 per spectral element). Based on the Hβline from the broad line region, we obtain an estimate of the black hole massMBH, Hβ ∼ 2.7 × 109M. This value is within a factor ≲1.5 of the Hα-based black hole mass from the same spectrum (MBH, Hα ∼ 1.93 × 109M) and is consistent with a previous estimate relying on the Mg IIλ2799 line (MBH, MgII ∼ 2.65 × 109M). All theseMBHestimates are within the ∼0.5 dex intrinsic scatter of the adopted mass calibrations. The high Eddington ratio of PJ308-21λEdd, Hβ ∼ 0.67 (λEdd, Hα ∼ 0.96) is in line with the overall quasar population atz ≳ 6. The relative strengths of the [O III], Fe II, and Hβlines are consistent with the empirical “Eigenvector 1” correlations as observed for low redshift quasars. We find evidence for blueshifted [O III]λ5007 emission with a velocity offset Δv[O III] = −1922 ± 39 km s−1from the systemic velocity and a full width at half maximum (FWHM)FWHM([O III]) = 2776−74+75km s−1. This may be the signature of outflowing gas from the nuclear region, despite the true values of Δv[O III]andFWHM([O III]) likely being more uncertain due to the blending with Hβand Fe IIlines. Our study demonstrates the unique capabilities of NIRSpec in capturing quasar spectra at cosmic dawn and studying their properties in unprecedented detail.

     
    more » « less
  5. Abstract

    Weak emission-line quasars (WLQs) are a subset of type 1 quasars that exhibit extremely weak Lyα+ Nvλ1240 and/or Civλ1549 emission lines. We investigate the relationship between emission-line properties and accretion rate for a sample of 230 “ordinary” type 1 quasars and 18 WLQs atz< 0.5 and 1.5 <z< 3.5 that have rest-frame ultraviolet and optical spectral measurements. We apply a correction to the Hβ-based black hole mass (MBH) estimates of these quasars using the strength of the optical Feiiemission. We confirm previous findings that WLQs’MBHvalues are overestimated by up to an order of magnitude using the traditional broad-emission-line region size–luminosity relation. With thisMBHcorrection, we find a significant correlation between Hβ-based Eddington luminosity ratios and a combination of the rest-frame Civequivalent width and Civblueshift with respect to the systemic redshift. This correlation holds for both ordinary quasars and WLQs, which suggests that the two-dimensional Civparameter space can serve as an indicator of accretion rate in all type 1 quasars across a wide range of spectral properties.

     
    more » « less