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1. GraphBTM: Graph Enhanced Autoencoded Variational Inference for Biterm Topic Model

   Zhu, Qile ; Feng, Zheng ; Li, Xiaolin ( January 2018 , 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP 2018))

   Discovering the latent topics within texts has been a fundamental task for many applica- tions. However, conventional topic models suffer different problems in different settings. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) may not work well for short texts due to the data sparsity (i.e., the sparse word co-occurrence patterns in short documents). The Biterm Topic Model (BTM) learns topics by mod- eling the word-pairs named biterms in the whole corpus. This assumption is very strong when documents are long with rich topic in- formation and do not exhibit the transitivity of biterms. In this paper, we propose a novel way calledmore »GraphBTM to represent biterms as graphs and design Graph Convolutional Net- works (GCNs) with residual connections to extract transitive features from biterms. To overcome the data sparsity of LDA and the strong assumption of BTM, we sample a fixed number of documents to form a mini-corpus as a training instance. We also propose a dataset called All News extracted from (Thompson, 2017), in which documents are much longer than 20 Newsgroups. We present an amortized variational inference method for GraphBTM. Our method generates more coherent topics compared with previous approaches. Exper- iments show that the sampling strategy im- proves performance by a large margin.« less
2. Clustered Latent Dirichlet Allocation for Scientific Discovery

   https://doi.org/10.1109/BigData47090.2019.9005964  

   Gropp, Christopher ; Herzog, Alexander ; Safro, Ilya ; Wilson, Paul W. ; Apon, Amy W. ( December 2019 , 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data))

   null (Ed.)

   Topic modeling, a method for extracting the underlying themes from a collection of documents, is an increasingly important component of the design of intelligent systems enabling the sense-making of highly dynamic and diverse streams of text data related but not limited to scientific discovery. Traditional methods such as Dynamic Topic Modeling (DTM) do not lend themselves well to direct parallelization because of dependencies from one time step to another. In this paper, we introduce and empirically analyze Clustered Latent Dirichlet Allocation (CLDA), a method for extracting dynamic latent topics from a collection of documents. Our approach is based on datamore »decomposition in which the data is partitioned into segments, followed by topic modeling on the individual segments. The resulting local models are then combined into a global solution using clustering. The decomposition and resulting parallelization leads to very fast runtime even on very large datasets. Our approach furthermore provides insight into how the composition of topics changes over time and can also be applied using other data partitioning strategies over any discrete features of the data, such as geographic features or classes of users. In this paper CLDA is applied successfully to seventeen years of NIPS conference papers (2,484 documents and 3,280,697 words), seventeen years of computer science journal abstracts (533,588 documents and 46,446,184 words), and to forty years of the PubMed corpus (4,025,976 documents and 386,847,695 words). On the PubMed corpus, we demonstrate the versatility of CLDA by segmenting the data by both time and by journal. Our runtime on this corpus demonstrates an ability to function on very large scale datasets.« less
3. Domain-specific Topic Model for Knowledge Discovery through Conversational Agents in Data Intensive Scientific Communities

   Zhang, Y. ; Calyam, P. ; Joshi, T. ; Nair, S.S. ; Xu, D. ( January 2018 , IEEE International Workshop on Conversational Agents and Chatbots with Machine Learning (ChatbotML), in conjunction with IEEE Big Data)

   Machine learning techniques underlying Big Data analytics have the potential to benefit data intensive communities in e.g., bioinformatics and neuroscience domain sciences. Today’s innovative advances in these domain communities are increasingly built upon multi-disciplinary knowledge discovery and cross-domain collaborations. Consequently, shortened time to knowledge discovery is a challenge when investigating new methods, developing new tools, or integrating datasets. The challenge for a domain scientist particularly lies in the actions to obtain guidance through query of massive information from diverse text corpus comprising of a wide-ranging set of topics. In this paper, we propose a novel “domain-specific topic model” (DSTM) thatmore »can drive conversational agents for users to discover latent knowledge patterns about relationships among research topics, tools and datasets from exemplar scientific domains. The goal of DSTM is to perform data mining to obtain meaningful guidance via a chatbot for domain scientists to choose the relevant tools or datasets pertinent to solving a computational and data intensive research problem at hand. Our DSTM is a Bayesian hierarchical model that extends the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model and uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to infer latent patterns within a specific domain in an unsupervised manner. We apply our DSTM to large collections of data from bioinformatics and neuroscience domains that include hundreds of papers from reputed journal archives, hundreds of tools and datasets. Through evaluation experiments with a perplexity metric, we show that our model has better generalization performance within a domain for discovering highly specific latent topics.« less
4. Data-driven mobility models for COVID-19 simulation

   https://doi.org/10.1145/3423455.3430305  

   Pesavento, John ; Chen, Andy ; Yu, Rayan ; Kim, Joon-Seok ; Kavak, Hamdi ; Anderson, Taylor ; Züfle, Andreas ( November 2020 , Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Advances in Resilient and Intelligent Cities (ARIC '20))

   Agent-based models (ABM) play a prominent role in guiding critical decision-making and supporting the development of effective policies for better urban resilience and response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many ABMs lack realistic representations of human mobility, a key process that leads to physical interaction and subsequent spread of disease. Therefore, we propose the application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), a topic modeling technique, to foot-traffic data to develop a realistic model of human mobility in an ABM that simulates the spread of COVID-19. In our novel approach, LDA treats POIs as "words" and agent home census block groups (CBGs)more »as "documents" to extract "topics" of POIs that frequently appear together in CBG visits. These topics allow us to simulate agent mobility based on the LDA topic distribution of their home CBG. We compare the LDA based mobility model with competitor approaches including a naive mobility model that assumes visits to POIs are random. We find that the naive mobility model is unable to facilitate the spread of COVID-19 at all. Using the LDA informed mobility model, we simulate the spread of COVID-19 and test the effect of changes to the number of topics, various parameters, and public health interventions. By examining the simulated number of cases over time, we find that the number of topics does indeed impact disease spread dynamics, but only in terms of the outbreak's timing. Further analysis of simulation results is needed to better understand the impact of topics on simulated COVID-19 spread. This study contributes to strengthening human mobility representations in ABMs of disease spread.« less
5. Optimal Estimation of Sparse Topic Models

   Bing, X ; Bunea, F ; Wegkamp, M ( July 2020 , Journal of machine learning research)

   Dalalyan, Aynak (Ed.)

   Topic models have become popular tools for dimension reduction and exploratory analysis of text data which consists in observed frequencies of a vocabulary of p words in n documents, stored in a p×n matrix. The main premise is that the mean of this data matrix can be factorized into a product of two non-negative matrices: a p×K word-topic matrix A and a K×n topic-document matrix W. This paper studies the estimation of A that is possibly element-wise sparse, and the number of topics K is unknown. In this under-explored context, we derive a new minimax lower bound for the estimationmore »of such A and propose a new computationally efficient algorithm for its recovery. We derive a finite sample upper bound for our estimator, and show that it matches the minimax lower bound in many scenarios. Our estimate adapts to the unknown sparsity of A and our analysis is valid for any finite n, p, K and document lengths. Empirical results on both synthetic data and semi-synthetic data show that our proposed estimator is a strong competitor of the existing state-of-the-art algorithms for both non-sparse A and sparse A, and has superior performance is many scenarios of interest.« less