Metal-metal bonding interactions can engender outstanding magnetic properties in bulk materials and molecules, and examples abound for the transition metals. Extending this paradigm to the lanthanides, herein we report mixed-valence dilanthanide complexes (Cp iPr5 ) 2 Ln 2 I 3 (Ln is Gd, Tb, or Dy; Cp i Pr5 , pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl), which feature a singly occupied lanthanide-lanthanide σ-bonding orbital of 5 d z 2 parentage, as determined by structural, spectroscopic, and computational analyses. Valence delocalization, wherein the d electron is equally shared by the two lanthanide centers, imparts strong parallel alignment of the σ-bonding and f electrons on both lanthanides according to Hund’s rules. The combination of a well-isolated high-spin ground state and large magnetic anisotropy in (Cp iPr5 ) 2 Dy 2 I 3 gives rise to an enormous coercive magnetic field with a lower bound of 14 tesla at temperatures as high as 60 kelvin.
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Lanthanide extraction selectivity of a tripodal carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide ligand system
Four tripodal carbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (CMPO)-based ligands are reported here and assessed with regard to lanthanide (Ln) coordination chemistry and selective extraction of lanthanide ions from aqueous solution. Inspired by previous liquid–liquid extraction studies that suggested a preference for terbium( iii ), the current work further probes the extraction behavior of a tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (TREN) capped, ethoxy substituted CMPO ligand with respect to the entire series of lanthanides. Upon confirmation of Tb 3+ extraction selectivity versus the whole series, experiments were conducted to assess the effect of increasing the alkyl chain length within the ligand TREN cap, as well as changing the CMPO substituents by replacing the ethoxy groups with more hydrophobic phenyl groups to promote solubility in the organic extraction solvent. Extraction efficiencies remained low for most lanthanides upon increasing the cap size, with % E values consistently around 5%, and a complete loss of Tb 3+ preference was noted with a decrease in % E from 18% to 3.5%. For the agent employing the original, smaller TREN cap but with phenyl substituents on the CMPO units, an increase in extraction toward the middle of the row was again observed, albeit modest, with relatively high % E values for both Gd 3+ and Tb 3+ versus the other lanthanides (13 and 11%, respectively). A more dramatic extraction selectivity for the phenyl substituted ligand was achieved upon modification of the ligand to metal ratio, with a 100 : 1 ratio resulting in a near linear decrease in % E from 41% for La 3+ to 3.7% for Lu 3+ . Finally, modification of the TREN capping scaffold by adding an oxygen atom to the central nitrogen led to consistently low % E values, revealing the effect of TREN cap oxidation on Ln extraction for this tripodal CMPO ligand system.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1725699
- PAR ID:
- 10096668
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Dalton Transactions
- Volume:
- 47
- Issue:
- 40
- ISSN:
- 1477-9226
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 14318 to 14326
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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