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1. Robust error analysis of stabilized linear EMAC-ESAV finite element schemes for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

   https://doi.org/10.1090/mcom/4087  

   Lan, Rihui; Liu, Mengyao; Ju, Lili (May 2025, Mathematics of Computation)

   In this paper, we propose and study first- and second-order (in time) stabilized linear finite element schemes for the incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. The energy, momentum, and angular momentum conserving (EMAC) formulation has emerged as a promising approach for conserving energy, momentum, and angular momentum of the NS equations, while the exponential scalar auxiliary variable (ESAV) has become a popular technique for designing linear energy-stable numerical schemes. Our method leverages the EMAC formulation and the Taylor-Hood element with grad-div stabilization for spatial discretization. We adopt the implicit-explicit backward differential formulas (BDFs) coupled with a novel stabilized ESAV approach for time stepping. For the solution process, we develop an efficient decoupling technique for the resulting fully-discrete systems so that only one linear Stokes solve is needed at each time step, which is similar to the cost of classic implicit-explicit BDF schemes for the NS equations. Robust optimal error estimates are successfully derived for both velocity and pressure for the two proposed schemes, with Gronwall constants that are particularly independent of the viscosity. Furthermore, it is rigorously shown that the grad-div stabilization term can greatly alleviate the viscosity-dependence of the mesh size constraint, which is required for error estimation when such a term is not present in the schemes. Various numerical experiments are conducted to verify the theoretical results and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the grad-div and ESAV stabilization strategies and their combination in the proposed numerical schemes, especially for problems with high Reynolds numbers. 

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2. Fast, provably unconditionally energy stable, and second-order accurate algorithms for the anisotropic Cahn–Hilliard Model

   Chen, J; Yang, X. (March 2019, Computer methods in applied mechanics and engineering)

   In this paper, we consider numerical approximations for solving the anisotropic Cahn–Hilliard model. We combine the Scalar Auxiliary Variable (SAV) approach with the stabilization technique to arrive at a novel Stabilized-SAV approach, where three linear stabilization terms, which are shown to be crucial to remove the oscillations caused by the anisotropic coefficient, are added to enhance the stability while keeping the required accuracy. The schemes are very easy-to-implement and fast in the sense that all nonlinear terms are treated in a semi-explicit way, and one only needs to solve three decoupled linear equations with constant coefficients at each time step. We further prove the unconditional energy stabilities rigorously and present numerous 2D and 3D numerical simulations to demonstrate the stability and accuracy. 

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3. Dynamically Regularized Lagrange Multiplier Method for the Cahn‐Hilliard‐Navier‐Stokes System

   https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.70074  

   Doan, Cao‐Kha; Hoang, Thi‐Thao‐Phuong; Ju, Lili; Lan, Rihui (July 2025, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering)

   ABSTRACT This paper is concerned with efficient and accurate numerical schemes for the Cahn‐Hilliard‐Navier‐Stokes phase field model of binary immiscible fluids. By introducing two Lagrange multipliers for each of the Cahn‐Hilliard and Navier‐Stokes parts, we reformulate the original model problem into an equivalent system that incorporates the energy evolution process. Such a nonlinear, coupled system is then discretized in time using first‐ and second‐order backward differentiation formulas, in which all nonlinear terms are treated explicitly and no extra stabilization term is imposed. The proposed dynamically regularized Lagrange multiplier (DRLM) schemes are mass‐conserving and unconditionally energy‐stable with respect to the original variables. In addition, the schemes are fully decoupled: Each time step involves solving two biharmonic‐type equations and two generalized linear Stokes systems, together with two nonlinear algebraic equations for the Lagrange multipliers. A key feature of the DRLM schemes is the introduction of the regularization parameters which ensure the unique determination of the Lagrange multipliers and mitigate the time step size constraint without affecting the accuracy of the numerical solution, especially when the interfacial width is small. Various numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed DRLM schemes in terms of convergence, mass conservation, and energy stability. 

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4. Global sampled‐data stabilization via static output feedback for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems

   https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.6542  

   Cao, Kecai; Qian, Chunjiang; Gu, Juping (December 2022, International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control)

   Summary This paper proposes some novel compensating strategies in output feedback controller design for a class of nonlinear uncertain system. With Euler approximation introduced for unmeasured state and coordinate transformation constructed for continuous system, sampled‐data stabilization under arbitrary sampling period is firstly realized for linear system using compensation between sampling period and scaling gain. Then global sampled‐data stabilization for a class of nonlinear system is studied using linear feedback domination of Lyapunov functions. Extension of obtained results to three‐dimensional system or systems under general assumptions are also presented. With the compensation schemes proposed in controller design, the sufficiently small sampling period or approximating step previously imposed is not required any more. The proposed controllers can be easily implemented using output measurements sampled at the current step and delayed output measurements sampled at the previous step without constructing state observers which has been illustrated by the numerical studies. 

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5. Scalar Auxiliary Variable (SAV) Stabilization of Implicit‐Explicit (IMEX) Time Integration Schemes for Non‐Linear Structural Dynamics

   https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.7660  

   Kwon, Sun‐Beom; Prakash, Arun (January 2025, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering)

   Implicit-explicit (IMEX) time integration schemes are well suited for non-linear structural dynamics because of their low computational cost and high accuracy. However, the stability of IMEX schemes cannot be guaranteed for general non-linear problems. In this article, we present a scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) stabilization of high-order IMEX time integration schemes that leads to unconditional stability. The proposed IMEX-BDFk-SAV schemes treat linear terms implicitly using kth-order backward difference formulas (BDFk) and non-linear terms explicitly. This eliminates the need for iterations in non-linear problems and leads to low computational costs. Truncation error analysis of the proposed IMEX-BDFk-SAV schemes confirms that up to kth-order accuracy can be achieved and this is verified through a series of convergence tests. Unlike existing SAV schemes for first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we introduce a novel SAV for the proposed schemes that allows direct solution of the second-order ODEs without transforming them into a system of first-order ODEs. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes by solving several non-linear problems in structural dynamics and show that the proposed schemes can achieve high accuracy at a low computational cost while maintaining unconditional stability. 

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