This article explores the peculiar reading habits that permeate White power fiction, with a focus on the repeated invocation of William Shakespeare and other Western literary giants by a group of writers here theorized as “literary populists.” Literary populists not only reject “elite” interpretations and reclaim the canon “for the masses.” They also marshal canonistic texts as masses, while enrolling them in autocratic schemes. In the process, they promote a strongman's reading praxis that limits the interpretive terrain in ways that echo archetypical fascist movements. Following a broad review of fascist literary practice, the article examines this phenomenon as it structures five works of speculative fiction by American ecofascist Harold Covington, showing how venerated books work as loudspeakers in his texts, where White self-;realization takes the form of literary mastery. It then moves beyond the texts to a reading of his online library as a mediating force that combines classic works of literature, philosophy, and political theory with the verboten work of radicals like Covington, in an attempt to authorize the latter. Through this analysis, the article shows how extremist visions of the world-;to-;come gain ground as part of a storied intellectual tradition, whose texts are plotted as proof of an impending revolution and whose status as banned knowledge is essential to its potency. At a time when fascism often looks like banning books, this work suggests that reading is fundamental to fomenting fascist visions of a world worth fighting for, and for seizing the minds of organic intellectuals who might just bring those futures into being.
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Comprehension Factor Analysis: Modeling student's reading behaviour: Accounting for reading practice in predicting students' learning in MOOCs
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Observable reading behavior, the act of moving the eyes over lines of text, is highly stereotyped among the users of a language, and this has led to the development of reading detectors–methods that input windows of sequential fixations and output predictions of the fixation behavior during those windows being reading or skimming. The present study introduces a newmethod for reading detection using Region Ranking SVM (RRSVM). An SVM-based classifier learns the local oculomotor features that are important for real-time reading detection while it is optimizing for the global reading/skimming classification, making it unnecessary to hand-label local fixation windows for model training. This RRSVM reading detector was trained and evaluated using eye movement data collected in a laboratory context, where participants viewed modified web news articles and had to either read them carefully for comprehension or skim them quickly for the selection of keywords (separate groups). Ground truth labels were known at the global level (the instructed reading or skimming task), and obtained at the local level in a separate rating task. The RRSVM reading detector accurately predicted 82.5% of the global (article-level) reading/skimming behavior, with accuracy in predicting local window labels ranging from 72-95%, depending on how tuned the RRSVM was for local and global weights. With this RRSVM reading detector, a method now exists for near real-time reading detection without the need for hand-labeling of local fixation windows. With real-time reading detection capability comes the potential for applications ranging from education and training to intelligent interfaces that learn what a user is likely to know based on previous detection of their reading behavior.more » « less
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