The QuaSEFE Problem
We initiate the study of Simultaneous Graph Embedding with Fixed Edges in the beyond planarity framework. In the QSEFE problem, we allow edge crossings, as long as each graph individually is drawn quasiplanar, that is, no three edges pairwise cross. %We call this problem the QSEFE problem. We show that a triple consisting of two planar graphs and a tree admit a QSEFE. This result also implies that a pair consisting of a 1-planar graph and a planar graph admits a QSEFE. We show several other positive results for triples of planar graphs, in which certain structural properties for their common subgraphs are fulfilled. For the case in which simplicity is also required, we give a triple consisting of two quasiplanar graphs and a star that does not admit a QSEFE. Moreover, in contrast to the planar SEFE problem, we show that it is not always possible to obtain a QSEFE for two matchings if the quasiplanar drawing of one matching is fixed.
Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ;
Award ID(s):
Publication Date:
NSF-PAR ID:
10109425
Journal Name:
International Symposium on Graph Drawing and Network Visualization
4. A long-standing conjecture by Kotzig, Ringel, and Rosa states that every tree admits a graceful labeling. That is, for any tree $T$ with $n$~edges, it is conjectured that there exists a labeling $f\colon V(T) \to \{0,1,\ldots,n\}$ such that the set of induced edge labels $\bigl\{ |f(u)-f(v)| : \{u,v\}\in E(T) \bigr\}$ is exactly $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. We extend this concept to allow for multigraphs with edge multiplicity at most~$2$. A \emph{2-fold graceful labeling} of a graph (or multigraph) $G$ with $n$~edges is a one-to-one function $f\colon V(G) \to \{0,1,\ldots,n\}$ such that the multiset of induced edge labels is comprised of two copies of each element in $\bigl\{ 1,2,\ldots, \lfloor n/2 \rfloor \bigr\}$ and, if $n$ is odd, one copy of $\bigl\{ \lceil n/2 \rceil \bigr\}$. When $n$ is even, this concept is similar to that of 2-equitable labelings which were introduced by Bloom and have been studied for several classes of graphs. We show that caterpillars, cycles of length $n \not\equiv 1 \pmod{4}$, and complete bipartite graphs admit 2-fold graceful labelings. We also show that under certain conditions, the join of a tree and an empty graph (i.e., a graph with vertices but no edges) is $2$-fold graceful.