Abstract—Millimeter wave wireless spectrum deployments
will allow vehicular communications to share high data rate
vehicular sensor data in real-time.The highly directional nature
of wireless links in millimeter spectral bands will require
continuous channel measurements to ensure the transmitter
(TX) and receiver (RX) beams are aligned to provide the best
channel. Using real-world vehicular mmWave measurement data
at 28GHz, we determine the optimal beam sweeping period,
i.e. the frequency of the channel measurements,to align the
RX beams to the best channel directions for maximizing the
vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) throughput.We show that in a
realistic vehicular traffic environment in Austin,TX, for a vehicle
traveling at an average speed of 10.5mph,a beam sweeping
period of 300 ms in future V2I communication standards would
maximize theV2I throughput,using a system of four RX phased
arrays that scanned the channel 360 degrees in the azimuth and
30 degrees above and below the boresight.We also investigate
the impact of the number of active RX chains controlling
the steerable phased arrays on V2I throughput. Reducing the
number of RX chains controlling the phased arrays helps reduce
the cost of the vehicular mmWave hardware while multiple RX
chains, although more expensive,provide more robustness to
beam direction changes at the vehicle,allowing near maximum
throughput over a wide range of beam sweep periods.We show
that the overhead of utilizing one RX chain instead of four
leads to a10% drop in mean V2I throughput over six non-line-
of-sight runs in real traffic conditions, with each run being 10
to 20 seconds long over a distance of 40 to 90 meters.
Index Terms—mmWave;beam management;channel sound-
ing; phased arrays;V2X;V2V;5G;sidelink
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Ray Tracing Simulations in Millimeter-Wave Vehicular Communications
Autonomous vehicles are equipped with multiple high-resolution sensors and cameras for an accurate local view of their surroundings. Equally important, they will need to exchange such high data-rate among each other for a wider view of their environments. The use of high-bandwidth millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum bands in vehicular communications can satisfy such demand for high data-rate exchange. Before attempting to design any
mmWave vehicular communication system, there is a need to fully understand the propagation characteristics of such mmWave mobile environment. In this paper, we leverage
the ray tracing capabilities in the WinProp software suite and study the propagation characteristics of mmWave channels in vehicular communications. In doing so, we present the implementation of the Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication scenario in WinProp. Via simulation results, we are able to show that approximately 20 dB degradation of signal strength can happen within 5 seconds.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1816112
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10113263
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- IEEE 30th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Accepted Manuscript1.0
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