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1. Targeted memory reactivation of face-name learning depends on ample and undisturbed slow-wave sleep

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-021-00119-2  

   Whitmore, Nathan W. ; Bassard, Adrianna M. ; Paller, Ken A. ( January 2022 , npj Science of Learning)

   Face memory, including the ability to recall a person’s name, is of major importance in social contexts. Like many other memory functions, it may rely on sleep. We investigated whether targeted memory reactivation during sleep could improve associative and perceptual aspects of face memory. Participants studied 80 face-name pairs, and then a subset of spoken names with associated background music was presented unobtrusively during a daytime nap. This manipulation preferentially improved name recall and face recognition for those reactivated face-name pairs, as modulated by two factors related to sleep quality; memory benefits were positively correlated with the duration of stage N3 sleep (slow-wave sleep) and negatively correlated with measures of sleep disruption. We conclude that (a) reactivation of specific face-name memories during sleep can strengthen these associations and the constituent memories, and that (b) the effectiveness of this reactivation depends on uninterrupted N3 sleep.

    

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2. Dyadic flexibility mediates the relation between parent conflict and infants’ vagal reactivity during the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face

   https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21508  

   Busuito, Alex ; Moore, Ginger A. ( February 2017 , Developmental Psychobiology)

   Parent conflict is related to attenuated infant vagal reactivity, suggesting less effective regulation. Because infants’ self‐regulation develops in the context of coregulation, the current study examined a novel measure, flexibility, purported to reflect dyadic reorganization in response to contextual demands. Flexibility was expected to mediate the relation between greater conflict and lesser vagal reactivity during the reunion episode of the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face (FFSF). Six‐month‐old infants’ and their mothers’ (N = 53) affective behaviors were observed during the FFSF and heart rate data were collected for infants. Flexibility was computed using state‐space analysis of dyadic behaviors and measured variability in and movement among dyadic states. Conflict was related to lesser infant vagal reactivity in the reunion through lower flexibility, suggesting less effective recovery from social stress. Flexibility may capture aspects of coregulation affected by environmental stress and may be one mechanism by which conflict contributes to developing vagal regulation.

    

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3. Automated measurement of infant and mother Duchenne facial expressions in the Face‐to‐Face/Still‐Face

   https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12556  

   Ahn, Yeojin Amy ; Önal Ertuğrul, Itir ; Chow, Sy‐Miin ; Cohn, Jeffrey F. ; Messinger, Daniel S. ( July 2023 , Infancy)

   Although still‐face effects are well‐studied, little is known about the degree to which the Face‐to‐Face/Still‐Face (FFSF) is associated with the production of intense affective displays. Duchenne smiling expresses more intense positive affect than non‐Duchenne smiling, while Duchenne cry‐faces express more intense negative affect than non‐Duchenne cry‐faces. Forty 4‐month‐old infants and their mothers completed the FFSF, and key affect‐indexing facial Action Units (AUs) were coded by expert Facial Action Coding System coders for the first 30 s of each FFSF episode. Computer vision software, automated facial affect recognition (AFAR), identified AUs for the entire 2‐min episodes. Expert coding and AFAR produced similar infant and mother Duchenne and non‐Duchenne FFSF effects, highlighting the convergent validity of automated measurement. Substantive AFAR analyses indicated that both infant Duchenne and non‐Duchenne smiling declined from the FF to the SF, but only Duchenne smiling increased from the SF to the RE. In similar fashion, the magnitude of mother Duchenne smiling changes over the FFSF were 2–4 times greater than non‐Duchenne smiling changes. Duchenne expressions appear to be a sensitive index of intense infant and mother affective valence that are accessible to automated measurement and may be a target for future FFSF research.

    

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4. There and Back Again: Lessons Learned from Facilitated Faculty Discussions on the Move Online and then Back Face to Face

   https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2--41357  

   Thomas, Shawna ; Hammond, Tracy ; Shryock, Kristi ; Brooks, Randy ; Jaison, Donna ; White, Lance ; Lightfoot, Robert ( August 2022 , 2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition)

   In this Lessons Learned paper, we explore the themes uncovered from a series of facilitated faculty discussions on moving their course back to face to face teaching after the switch to online. The Institute at Anonymous University administrates over 100 faculty whose primary department appointments and teaching assignments are in either engineering or education. Over the last two years, the Institute hosted numerous conversations for faculty members to share experiences, research, and assessments of teaching successes and concerns as they changed instructional modalities, both with the initial move online and the subsequent move back face to face. From these conversations, faculty agree that some things during the move to online instruction, such as office hours, video archives of lectures, and some activities in break-out rooms appear to enhance student learning. Yet data showed that students believed the online experience was less desirable than face to face courses. Now that we have had a near complete semester where most classes were required to be held in the face to face mode, we are hosting conversations with faculty to understand the changes they are now making to their teaching because of the experiences from online instruction. 

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5. Bridge the gap: correlate face mask leakage and facial features with 3D morphable face models

   https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-021-00399-1  

   Wang, Tso-Kang ; Solano, Tomas ; Shoele, Kourosh ( September 2022 , Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology)