A worker’s attentional and cognitive failures—such as lack of attention, failure to identify a tripping hazard, or misperception about a hazard’s risks—can lead to unsafe behaviors and, consequently, accidents. Previous literature has shown that individual characteristics such as personality may affect human’s selective attention. However, few studies have attempted to empirically examine how a worker’s personality affects attention and situation awareness on a jobsite. The present study examines how workers’ emotional stability (neuroticism) affects their cognitive failures (especially attentional failure) when they are exposed to fall-to-same-level hazardous conditions. To achieve this goal—and given that eye movements represent the most direct manifestation of visual attention—the personalities of construction workers were assessed via self-completion questionnaires, and their attention and situation awareness were monitored continuously and in real-time using a mobile wearable eye-tracking apparatus. Correlational analyses revealed the significant relationship between neuroticism and the attentional distribution of workers. These results suggest that workers do not allocate their attention equally to all hazardous areas and these differences in attentional distribution are modulated by personality characteristics (neuroticism). A more detailed investigation of this connection yielded a specific pattern: less neurotic workers periodically look down and scan ahead to obtain feedforward information about tripping hazards, and these individuals remain fully aware of the environment and its associated hazards. The findings of this study suggest the value assessing personality to identify workers who are more likely to be involved in accidents.
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Role of Personality in Construction Safety: Investigating the Relationships between Personality, Attentional Failure, and Hazard Identification under Fall-Hazard Conditions
- Award ID(s):
- 1824238
- NSF-PAR ID:
- 10144175
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
- Volume:
- 145
- Issue:
- 9
- ISSN:
- 0733-9364
- Page Range / eLocation ID:
- 04019052
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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Abstract Objective Diagnoses of personality disorders (PD) must rely on judgments of observers—either clinicians or acquaintances—because personality disorders are primarily defined in terms of maladaptive interpersonal behavior. Little is known, however, about how closely acquaintances' judgments of PD traits relate to self‐reports of theoretically relevant Big Five traits or directly observed behavioral outcomes in interpersonal situations. The present study examines associations between judgments of the 10 PD traits provided by close acquaintances, self‐reports of PD‐relevant Big Five personality traits, and observed interpersonal behaviors across three different three‐person laboratory interactions (i.e., unstructured chat, cooperative task, competitive game).
Method The sample consisted of 256 undergraduate students (130 females;
M age = 19.83,SD = 1.25). Four unacquainted observers independently rated participants' behaviors from video recordings.Results In line with previous work, informant reports of PD traits demonstrate strong convergent validity with relevant self‐reported Big Five traits (as identified by Lynam & Widiger, 2001). Directly observed behavior is meaningfully associated with acquaintances' judgments and self‐reports of PD‐relevant traits, and the associations between these judgments and behavior are strongest for traits associated with histrionic and schizoid PD. Vector correlations between behavioral profiles associated with informant and self‐reports show that both assessments have similar behavioral correlates. Associations between PD trait ratings and behavior appeared to differ as a function of gender, with males showing more and stronger correlations.
Conclusions Informants' ratings of PD traits are impressively accurate, converging both with self‐reports of relevant traits and directly observed interpersonal behavior. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of PDs and associated traits can be augmented by information from multiple acquaintances who have the opportunity to observe how an individual interacts with others on a daily basis across diverse contexts.
- Free Publicly Accessible Full Text
-
Accepted Manuscript1.0
- Journal Article:
- https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001673
