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1. Intercalation chemistry goes nuclear

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2025.102703  

   Cabana, Jordi (August 2025, Chem)
2. Layered Electrides as Fluoride Intercalation Anodes

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA06162J  

   Hartman, Steven T.; Mishra, Rohan (January 2020, Journal of Materials Chemistry A)

   The fluoride ion is well suited to be the active species of rechargeable batteries, due to its small size, light weight, and high electronegativity. While existing F-ion batteries based on conversion chemistry suffer from rapid electrode degradation with cycling, those based on fluoride intercalation are currently less attractive then cation intercalation battery chemistries due to their low reversible energy densities. Here, using first-principles density-functional-theory calculations, we predict that layered electrides, such as Ca2N and Y2C — that have an electron occupying a lattice site — are promising hosts for fluoride intercalation, since their anionic electrons create large interstices. Our calculations indicate that anodes made from layered electrides can offer voltage up to –2.86 V vs. La2CoO4 cathode, capacity >250 mAh/g, and fast diffusion kinetics with migration barriers as low as 0.15 eV. These metrics compare favorably to popular Li-ion intercalation cathodes such as LiCoO2. Electrides open up a new space for designing fluorine intercalation batteries with good performance and cyclability. 

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3. Layered electrides as fluoride intercalation anodes

   Steven T. Hartman, Rohan Mishra (January 2020, Journal of materials chemistry)

   null (Ed.)

   The fluoride ion is well suited to be the active species of rechargeable batteries, due to its small size, light weight, and high electronegativity. While existing F-ion batteries based on conversion chemistry suffer from rapid electrode degradation with cycling, those based on fluoride intercalation are currently less attractive then cation intercalation battery chemistries due to their low reversible energy densities. Here, using first-principles density-functional-theory calculations, we predict that layered electrides, such as Ca2N and Y2C – that have an electron occupying a lattice site – are promising hosts for fluoride intercalation, since their anionic electrons create large interstices. Our calculations indicate that anodes made from layered electrides can offer voltage up to −2.86 V vs. La2CoO4 cathode, capacity >250 mA h g−1, and fast diffusion kinetics with migration barriers as low as 0.15 eV. These metrics compare favorably to popular Li-ion intercalation cathodes such as LiCoO2. Electrides open up a new space for designing fluorine intercalation batteries with good performance and cyclability. 

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4. Controlling the Electrochemical Properties of Spinel Intercalation Compounds

   https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b01080  

   Kolli, Sanjeev Krishna; Van der Ven, Anton (October 2018, ACS Applied Energy Materials)
5. Nernstian Li ⁺ intercalation into few-layer graphene and its use for the determination of K ⁺ co-intercalation processes

   https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC03226C  

   Hui, Jingshu; Nijamudheen, A.; Sarbapalli, Dipobrato; Xia, Chang; Qu, Zihan; Mendoza-Cortes, Jose L.; Rodríguez-López, Joaquín (January 2021, Chemical Science)

   null (Ed.)

   Alkali ion intercalation is fundamental to battery technologies for a wide spectrum of potential applications that permeate our modern lifestyle, including portable electronics, electric vehicles, and the electric grid. In spite of its importance, the Nernstian nature of the charge transfer process describing lithiation of carbon has not been described previously. Here we use the ultrathin few-layer graphene (FLG) with micron-sized grains as a powerful platform for exploring intercalation and co-intercalation mechanisms of alkali ions with high versatility. Using voltammetric and chronoamperometric methods and bolstered by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we show the kinetically facile co-intercalation of Li + and K + within an ultrathin FLG electrode. While changes in the solution concentration of Li + lead to a displacement of the staging voltammetric signature with characteristic slopes ca. 54–58 mV per decade, modification of the K + /Li + ratio in the electrolyte leads to distinct shifts in the voltammetric peaks for (de)intercalation, with a changing slope as low as ca. 30 mV per decade. Bulk ion diffusion coefficients in the carbon host, as measured using the potentiometric intermittent titration technique (PITT) were similarly sensitive to solution composition. DFT results showed that co-intercalation of Li + and K + within the same layer in FLG can form thermodynamically favorable systems. Calculated binding energies for co-intercalation systems increased with respect to the area of Li + -only domains and decreased with respect to the concentration of –K–Li– phases. While previous studies of co-intercalation on a graphitic anode typically focus on co-intercalation of solvents and one particular alkali ion, this is to the best of our knowledge the first study elucidating the intercalation behavior of two monovalent alkali ions. This study establishes ultrathin graphitic electrodes as an enabling electroanalytical platform to uncover thermodynamic and kinetic processes of ion intercalation with high versatility. 

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