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1. Market Models of Spectrum Attacks with Shared Spectrum

   https://doi.org/10.23919/WiOpt58741.2023.10349864  

   Xie, Zongyun ; Berry, Randall A. ( August 2023 , IEEE)

   Security is a critical concern in shared spectrum environments. In additional to degrading service, attacks can influence the market interactions between competing service providers (SPs). This paper investigates these interactions by considering two SPs engaged in Cournot competition while utilizing both proprietary and shared spectrum, with shared spectrum available in either licensed or open-access forms. Additionally, we assume the presence of an attacker whose objective is to deny service to one or more of the shared bands for a fraction of the time, consequently reducing the overall total revenue. We analyze the optimal forms of attacks under different attacker objectives and their repercussions on the resulting market equilibrium. Utilizing these analyses, we compare the impacts of various spectrum sharing approaches (licensed and open access) and differing amounts of spectrum holdings of the two providers. 

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2. Spectrum Transformer: Wideband Spectrum Sensing using Multi-Head Self-Attention

   https://doi.org/10.1109/SPAWC53906.2023.10304551  

   Zhang, Weishan ; Wang, Yue ; Chen, Xiang ; Tian, Zhi ( September 2023 , IEEE)
3. SpecGuard: Spectrum Misuse Detection in Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2018.2823314  

   Jin, Xiaocong ; Sun, Jingchao ; Zhang, Rui ; Zhang, Yanchao ; Zhang, Chi ( December 2018 , IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing)
4. Spectrum Measurement Markets for Tiered Spectrum Access

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ICC.2018.8422512  

   Ghosh, Arnob ; Berry, Randall ; Aggarwal, Vaneet ( May 2018 , 2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC))

   The recent framework for tiered spectrum sharing in the 3.5 GHz band establishes rules in which multiple firms called Environment Sensing Capability operators (ESCs) may measure spectrum occupancy and sell these measurements to other firms to help facilitate spectrum access. Motived by this we consider a scenario in which two spectrum access firms (SAs) seeks to access a shared band of spectrum and must in turn purchase spectrum measurements from one of two ESCs. Given the measurements they purchase, the SA firms then compete on price to serve customers in a shared band of spectrum. We study how differences in the quality and price of the spectrum measurements impact the resulting market equilibrium between the SAs and find that having different qualities of measurements available to different SAs can lead to better economic welfare. 

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5. Spectrum anarchy: why self-governance of the radio spectrum works better than we think

   https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137420000259  

   Bustamante, Pedro ; Gomez, Marcela ; Murtazashvili, Ilia ; Weiss, Martin ( December 2020 , Journal of Institutional Economics)

   null (Ed.)

   Abstract The exploitation of radio-electric spectrum bands for wireless transmission purposes has some features of the commons: it is subject to congestion and conflict without rules governing its use. The Coasean approach is to assign private property rights to overcome the tragedy of the spectrum commons. The process of assigning these rights is still centralized, with governments assigning property rights through agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission and National Telecommunications and Information Administration in the USA. We consider the possibility of self-governance of the spectrum. We use insights from the study of common pool resources governance to analyze the emergence of property rights to spectrum in a ‘government-less’ environment in which norms, rules, and enforcement mechanisms are solely the product of the repeated interactions among participants in the network. Our case study considers the spectrum-sharing arrangement in the 1,695–1,710 MHz band. Using agent-based modeling (ABM), we show that self-governance of the spectrum can work and under what conditions it is likely to improve the efficiency of the allocation of property rights. 

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