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We report on the growth, grain enhancement, doping, and electron mobility of cadmium selenide (CdSe) thin films deposited using the thermal evaporation method. The optical measurement shows CdSe is a direct bandgap material with an optical bandgap (Egap) of 1.72 eV. CdSe thin films were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide glass substrates with different thicknesses, and grain size and mobility were measured on the films. CdCl2 was deposited on the films, and the films were subjected to high temperature treatment for several hours. It was found that both grain sizes increased significantly after CdCl2 treatment. The mobility of electrons was measured using the space charge limited current technique, and it was found that the mobility increased significantly after CdCl2 treatment. It was discovered that postdeposition selenization further improved the electrical properties of CdSe thin films by increasing the electron mobility-lifetime product and the photo/dark conductivity ratio. CdSe films after postselenization also showed significantly lower values for midgap states and Urbach energies for valence band tail states.
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Efficient Heterojunction Thin Film CdSe Solar Cells Deposited Using Thermal Evaporation
CdSe is potentially an important material for making tandem junction solar cells with Si and CIGS. Thermodynamic calculations reveal the potential Shockley-Queisser efficiency of such a tandem cell to be in the 45% range. CdSe has the optimum bandgap (1.72eV) for a tandem cell with Si. In this paper, we show that this material system is indeed capable of achieving good electronic properties and reasonable devices can be made in the material. We report on fabricating CdSe materials and heterojunction CdSe solar cells in both superstrate and substrate configurations on FTO/glass and metal substrates. CdSe layer was deposited using thermal evaporation and then was post-treated with CdCl2 to enhance the grainsize and passivate grain boundaries. The device was an ideal heterojunction structure consisting of glass/FTO/n+CdS/ n-CdSe/p organic layer/NiO/ITO. The n+ CdS layer acted to prevent hole recombination at the n+/n interface, and the p organic layer (such as PEDOT:PSS or P3HT) acted to prevent electron recombination at the p+/n interface. The NiO layer was deposited on top of the organic layer to prevent decomposition of the organic layer during ITO deposition. World-record open-circuit voltages exceeding 800 mV and currents of ~15 mA/cm2 were obtained in devices. Detailed material measurements such as SEM revealed large grain sizes approaching 8 micrometer in some of the films after grain enhancement. Optical measurements and QE measurements show the bandgap to be 1.72 eV. XPS measurements showed the CdSe film to be n type. Space-charge limited current was used to measure electron mobilities which were in the range of 1-2 cm2/V-s. Capacitance spectroscopy showed the doping densities to be in the range of a few x 1015/cm3. For substrate devices, the quantum efficiency obtained was in the 90% range.
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- Award ID(s):
- 1664945
- PAR ID:
- 10151217
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Conference record of the IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference
- Volume:
- 46
- ISSN:
- 0160-8371
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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