skip to main content
US FlagAn official website of the United States government
dot gov icon
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
https lock icon
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( lock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.


Title: Atom-by-atom electrodeposition of single isolated cobalt oxide molecules and clusters for studying the oxygen evolution reaction
We report an electrodeposition protocol for preparing isolated cobalt oxide single molecules (Co1Ox) and clusters (ConOy) on a carbon fiber nanoelectrode. The as-prepared deposits are able to produce well-defined steady-state voltammograms for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media, where the equivalent radius (rd) is estimated by the limiting current of hydroxide oxidation in accordance with the electrocatalytic amplification model. The size of isolated clusters obtained from the femtomolar Co2+solution through an atom-by-atom technique can reach as small as 0.21 nm (rd) which is approximately the length of Co–O bond in cobalt oxide. Therefore, the deposit was close to that of a Co1Oxsingle molecule with only one cobalt ion, the minimum unit of the cobalt-based oxygen-evolving catalyst. Additionally, the size-dependent catalysis of the OER on ConOydeposits shows a faster relative rate on the smaller cluster in terms of the potential at a given current density, implying the single molecular catalyst shows a superior OER activity.  more » « less
Award ID(s):
1707384
PAR ID:
10156459
Author(s) / Creator(s):
;
Publisher / Repository:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date Published:
Journal Name:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Volume:
117
Issue:
23
ISSN:
0027-8424
Page Range / eLocation ID:
p. 12651-12656
Format(s):
Medium: X
Sponsoring Org:
National Science Foundation
More Like this
  1. Abstract Intermediates relevant to cobalt‐catalyzed alkene hydroformylation have been isolated and evaluated in fundamental organometallic transformations relevant to aldehyde formation. The 18‐electron (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2H has been structurally characterized, and it promotes exclusive hydrogenation of styrene in the presence of 50 bar of H2/CO gas (1:1) at 100 °C. Deuterium‐labeling studies established reversible 2,1‐insertion of styrene into the Co−D bond of (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2D. Whereas rapid β‐hydrogen elimination from cobalt alkyls occurred under an N2atmosphere, alkylation of (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2Cl in the presence of CO enabled the interception of (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2C(O)CH2CH2Ph, which upon hydrogenolysis under 4 atm H2produced the corresponding aldehyde and cobalt hydride, demonstrating the feasibility of elementary steps in hydroformylation. Both the hydride and chloride derivatives, (X=H, Cl), underwent exchange with free13CO. Under reduced pressure, (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)2Cl underwent CO dissociation to form (R,R)‐(iPrDuPhos)Co(CO)Cl. 
    more » « less
  2. Abstract A traditional composite cathode for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H‐SOFCs) is typically obtained by mixing cathode materials and proton conducting electrolyte of BaCe0.7Y0.2Zr0.1O3–δ(BZCY), providing chemical and thermal compatibility with the electrolyte. Here, a series of triple‐conducing and cobalt‐free iron‐based perovskites as cathodes for H‐SOFCs is reported. Specifically, BaCexFe1–xO3–δ(x = 0.36, 0.43, and 0.50) shows various contents of two single phase perovskites with an in situ heterojunction structure as well as triple conductivity by tailoring the Ce/Fe ratios. The cell performance with the optimized BaCe0.36Fe0.64O3–δ(BCF36) cathode composition reaches 1056 mW cm−2at 700 °C. Moreover, a record cell performance of 1525 mW cm−2at 700 °C is obtained by modifying the BCF36 cathode microstructure through a spraying method, demonstrating high promise with Co‐free cathodes for H‐SOFCs. 
    more » « less
  3. Abstract Atomic‐scale engineering of chromite spinels featuring redox‐active tetrahedral A‐sites and strong Cr–O covalency offers a promising route to superior platinum‐group‐metal‐free oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. However, comprehensive studies addressing how cation substitution influences surface chemistry and governs OER activity and durability in chromite spinels remain limited. Here, a systematic investigation of the multicationic chromite series NixFeyCr3−x−yO4is presented, identifying composition‐dependent Lewis acidity as a descriptor of superior OER performance. It is further demonstrated that tuning surface acidity directly controls dynamic reconstruction processes and lattice‐oxygen participation during spinel‐based electrocatalysis. Following activation, the optimized Ni0.8Fe0.3Cr1.9O4catalyst delivers a current density of 10 mA cm−2at an overpotential of 235 mV, surpassing RuO2, with excellent long‐term stability. Integrating microscopic and spectroscopic analysis with operando impedance spectroscopy, it shows that activation generates an oxyhydroxide overlayer and reveals a previously unrecognized link between surface Lewis acidity and the growth kinetics and activity of these shells. Density functional theory calculations indicate that Fe incorporation at octahedral sites raises the O 2p‐band center and lowers oxygen‐vacancy formation energy, promoting lattice‐oxygen activation and triggering reconstruction, yielding enhanced OER. This work integrates cation‐driven surface‐acidity modulation, acidity‐governed reconstruction, and OER activity enhancement into a unified predictive framework for designing earth‐abundant spinel‐based catalysts. 
    more » « less
  4. Abstract Using both density functional theory (DFT+U) simulations and experiments, we show that the incorporation of an ordered array of oxygen‐vacancies in a perovskite oxide can lead to enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER). As a benchmark, LaCoO3was investigated, where the incorporation of oxygen‐vacancies led to La3Co3O8(LaCoO2.67), featuring a structural transformation. DFT+U simulations demonstrated the effect of oxygen‐vacancies on lowering the potential required to achieve negative Gibbs Free Energy for all steps of the OER mechanism. This was also confirmed by experiments, where the vacancy‐ordered catalyst La3Co3O8(LaCoO2.67) showed a remarkable enhancement of electrocatalytic properties over the parent compound LaCoO3that lacked vacancies. We also synthesized and studied an intermediate system, with a smaller degree of oxygen‐vacancies, which showed intermediate electrocatalytic activity, lower than La3Co3O8and higher than LaCoO3, confirming the expected trend and the impact of oxygen‐vacancies. Furthermore, we employed additional DFT+U calculations to simulate a hypothetical material with the same formula as La3Co3O8but without the vacancy‐order. We found that the gap between centers of Codand Opbands, which is considered an OER descriptor, would be significantly greater for a hypothetical disordered material compared to an ordered system. 
    more » « less
  5. null (Ed.)
    Reducible metal oxides (RMOs) are widely used materials in heterogeneous catalysis due to their ability to facilitate the conversion of energy-poor substrates to energy-rich chemical fuels and feedstocks. Theoretical investigations have modeled the role of RMOs in catalysis and found they traditionally follow a mechanism in which the generation of oxygen-atom vacancies is crucial for the high activity of these solid supports. However, limited spectroscopic techniques for in situ analysis renders the identification of the reactivity of individual oxygen-atom vacancies on RMOs challenging. These obstacles can be circumvented through the use of homogeneous complexes as molecular models for metal oxides, such as polyoxometalates. Summarized herein, a sub-class of polyoxometalates, polyoxovanadate–alkoxide clusters, ([V 6 O 7 (OR) 12 ] n ; R = CH 3 , C 2 H 5 ; n = 2−, 1−, 0), are explored as homogeneous molecular models for bulk vanadium oxide. A series of synthetic strategies have been employed to access oxygen-deficient vanadium oxide assemblies, including addition of V(Mes) 3 (thf), tertiary phosphanes, and organic acids to plenary Lindqvist motifs. We further detail investigations surrounding the ability of these oxygen-deficient sites to mediate reductive transformations such as O 2 and NO x 1− ( x = 2, 3) activation. 
    more » « less