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1. Planning-Oriented resilience assessment and enhancement of integrated electricity-gas system considering multi-type natural disasters

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118824  

   Wang, Han; Hou, Kai; Zhao, Junbo; Yu, Xiaodan; Jia, Hongjie; Mu, Yunfei (January 2022, Applied energy)

   A planning-oriented resilience assessment and enhancement approach is proposed that can efficiently deal with multi-type natural disasters. A unified disaster modelling framework is proposed to extract key information from various potential disaster scenarios, thus forming a disaster scenario database. The impact-increment-based enumeration method is applied, and a reusable impact-increment database is established to speed up the assessment process. The reusable database is also utilized to calculate component-level resilience indices and economic indices, so as to make enhancement strategies against potential disasters within planning time scale. Resilience assessment on an integrated electricity-gas system in Taiwan’s coastal seismic statistical zone shows that the proposed method can significantly improve the computational efficiency as compared to existing methods. Numerical results indicate that the resilient planning considering the diversity of natural disaster types comprehensively improves the system resilience, which means it is not only concerned with the system performance under a single type of disaster. In addition, the most suitable resilience enhancement scheme with insufficient funds shall be developed according to the economic indices, instead of the component-level resilience indices that cannot balance the resilience enhancement effect with the implementation cost. 

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2. A Graph Theoretic Approach to Power System Vulnerability Identification

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3010476  

   Sen Biswas, Reetam; Pal, Anamitra; Werho, Trevor; Vittal, Vijay (July 2020, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems)

   During major power system disturbances, when multiple component outages occur in rapid succession, it becomes crucial to quickly identify the transmission interconnections that have limited power transfer capability. Understanding the impact of an outage on these critical interconnections (called saturated cut-sets) is important for enhancing situational awareness and taking correct actions. This paper proposes a new graph theoretic approach for analyzing whether a contingency will create a saturated cut-set in a meshed power network. A novel feature of the proposed algorithm is that it lowers the solution time significantly making the approach viable for real-time operations. It also indicates the minimum amount by which the power transfer through the critical interconnections should be reduced so that post-contingency saturation does not occur. Robustness of the proposed algorithm for enhanced situational awareness is demonstrated using the IEEE-118 bus system as well as a 17,000+ bus model of the Western Interconnection (WI). Comparisons made with different approaches for power system vulnerability assessment prove the utility of the proposed scheme for aiding power system operations during extreme exigencies. 

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3. Resilient Operation Strategies for Integrated Power-Gas Systems

   https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246270  

   Faridpak, Behdad; Musilek, Petr (December 2024, Energies)

   This article presents a novel methodology for analyzing the resilience of an active distribution system (ADS) integrated with an urban gas network (UGN). It demonstrates that the secure adoption of gas turbines with optimal capacity and allocation can enhance the resilience of the ADS during high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events. A two-level tri-layer resilience problem is formulated to minimize load shedding as the resilience index during post-event outages. The challenge of unpredictability is addressed by an adaptive distributionally robust optimization strategy based on multi-cut Benders decomposition. The uncertainties of HILP events are modeled by different moment-based probability distributions. In this regard, considering the nature of each uncertain variable, a different probabilistic method is utilized. For instance, to account for the influence of power generated from renewable energy sources on the decision-making process, a diurnal version of the long-term short-term memory network is developed to forecast day-ahead weather. In comparison with standard LSTM, the proposed approach reduces the mean absolute error and root mean squared error by approximately 47% and 71% for wind speed, as well as 76% and 77% for solar irradiance network. Finally, the optimal operating framework for improving power grid resilience is validated using the IEEE 33-bus ADS and 7-node UGN. 

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4. Mitigation of Saturated Cut-sets During Multiple Outages to Enhance Power System Security

   https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3076973  

   Sen Biswas, Reetam; Pal, Anamitra; Werho, Trevor; Vittal, Vijay (January 2021, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems)

   null (Ed.)

   Ensuring reliable operation of large power systems subjected to multiple outages is a challenging task because of the combinatorial nature of the problem. Traditional approaches for security assessment are often limited by their scope and/or speed, resulting in missing of critical contingencies that could lead to cascading failures. This paper proposes a two-component methodology to enhance power system security. The first component combines an efficient algorithm to detect cut-set saturation (called the feasibility test (FT) algorithm) with real-time contingency analysis (RTCA) to create an integrated corrective action (iCA), whose goal is to secure the system against cut-set saturation as well as critical branch overloads. The second component employs the only results of the FT to create a relaxed corrective action (rCA) to secure the system against post-contingency cut-set saturation. The first component is more comprehensive, but the latter is computationally more efficient. The effectiveness of the two components is evaluated based upon the number of cascade triggering contingencies alleviated, and the computation time. The results obtained by analyzing different case-studies on the IEEE 118-bus and 2000-bus synthetic Texas systems indicate that the proposed two-component methodology successfully enhances the scope and speed of power system security assessment during multiple outages. 

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5. Super-Node Approximation With Convex Hulls Relaxation for Distribution System Restoration Using ERRs

   https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3415548  

   Sharma, Santosh; Li, Qifeng (January 2024, IEEE Access)

   Emergency response resources (ERRs) such as mobile energy resources (MERs) and repair crews (RCs) play a pivotal role in the efficient restoration of power distribution systems after disasters. This paper presents a computationally tractable approach to utilize ERRs and post-disaster available distributed energy resources (PDA-DERs) in the restoration of disaster-impacted distribution systems. The post-disaster restoration model is proposed to co-optimize the dispatch of pre-allocated ERRs and PDADERs to minimize the impact of high-impact low-frequency (HILF) events on customers, i.e., energy not served for the entire restoration window. Compared with existing restoration strategies using ERRs, the proposed approach is more tractable since, in the restoration model, a super-node approximation (SNA) of distribution networks and the convex hulls relaxation (CHR) of non-linear constraints are introduced to achieve the best trade-off between computational burden and accuracy. Tests of the proposed approach on IEEE test feeders demonstrated that a combination of SNA and CHR remarkably reduces the solution time of the post-disaster restoration model. 

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