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Earthquakes cause outages of power transmission system components due to direct physical damage and also through the initiation of cascading processes. This article explores what are the optimal capacity investments to increase the resilience of electric power transmission systems to earthquakes and how those investments change with respect to two issues: (1) the impact of including cascades in the investment optimization model and (2) the impact of focusing more heavily on the early stages of the outages after the earthquake in contrast to more evenly focusing on outages across the entire restoration process. A cascading outage model driven by the statistics of sample utility data is developed and used to locate the cascading lines. We compare the investment plans with and without the modeling of the cascades and with different levels of importance attached to outages that occur during different periods of the restoration process. Using a case study of the Eastern Interconnect transmission grid, where the seismic hazard stems mostly from the New Madrid Seismic Zone, we find that the cascades have little effect on the optimal set of capacity enhancement investments. However, the cascades do have a significant impact on the early stages of the restoration process. Also, the cascading lines can be far away from the initial physically damaged lines. More broadly, the early stages of the earthquake restoration process is affected by the extent of the cascading outages and is critical for search and rescue as well as restoring vital services. Also, we show that an investment plan focusing more heavily on outages in the first 3 days after the earthquake yields fewer outages in the first month, but more outages later in comparison with an investment plan focusing uniformly on outages over an entire 6-month restoration process.
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A Binary Decision Diagram Based Cascade Prognostics Scheme For Power Systems
Cascading outages in power systems is a rare, but important phenomenon with huge social and economic implications. Due to the inherent complexity and heterogeneity of components in power system, analysis and prediction of the current and future states of the system is a challenging task. In this paper, we address prognosis of cascading outages in power systems by employing a novel approach based on reduced ordered binary decision diagrams.We present a systemic way of synthesizing these decision diagrams based on a simple cascade model. We also describe a workflow for finding the emergency load curtailment actions as a part of the mitigation strategy. In the end, we show the applicability of our approach using the standard IEEE 14 bus system.
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- PAR ID:
- 10167836
- Date Published:
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the American Control Conference
- Issue:
- 2020
- ISSN:
- 0743-1619
- Format(s):
- Medium: X
- Sponsoring Org:
- National Science Foundation
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