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   https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00481  

   Morales-McDevitt, Maya E.; Becanova, Jitka; Blum, Arlene; Bruton, Thomas A.; Vojta, Simon; Woodward, Melissa; Lohmann, Rainer (October 2021, Environmental Science & Technology Letters)
2. Air entrapment, internal structure, and density of hydrophobic particle–water–air mixtures

   https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.25.00003  

   Ma, Wenpei; Tomac, Ingrid (November 2025, Environmental Geotechnics)

   This paper investigates internal structure-driven density changes of post-wildfire and natural debris flows resulting from sand hydrophobicity and shearing. Hydrophobic sand particles entrap air by way of an armoured bubble/gas marble mechanism in water. Although individual armoured bubbles have already been broadly investigated, the effects of fluid drag and collisions in multiphase water–air–sand mixtures remain largely unexplored. The armoured bubbles’ stability in water depends on the force balance on the air bubble–particle boundary, which largely defines the mixture’s internal structure. Gravity, relative armoured bubble and fluid velocities govern the collision forces, local changes in mixture concentration, and the separation or attachment of hydrophobic particles to air bubbles in water. The initially large entrapped air volume decreases due to degassing and large armoured bubble breakdowns downstream. Experimental and theoretical approaches quantify the air entrapment under different sand-water volumetric concentrations, as well as the effects of mixing speed, duration, and sand particle size on the final mixture’s internal structure. Since hydrophobic sand particles can effectively entrap many air bubbles in the final debris flow-like mixture, the densities of debris flows that sweep over hydrophobic soil will accordingly reduce. Therefore, this paper proposes empirical estimates of density reductions resulting from air entrapment. 

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3. High Performance Air Breathing Flexible Lithium–Air Battery

   https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202102072  

   Ahmad Jaradat, Chengji Zhang (January 2021, Small)

   null (Ed.)

   Lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries possess the highest theoretical energy density (3500 Wh kg−1), which makes them attractive candidates for modern electronics and transportation applications. In this work, an inexpensive, flexible, and wearable Li–O2 battery based on the bifunctional redox mediator of InBr3, MoS2 cathode catalyst, and Fomblin-based oxygen permeable membrane that enable long-cycle-life operation of the battery in pure oxygen, dry air, and ambient air is designed, fabricated, and tested. The battery operates in ambient air with an open system air-breathing architecture and exhibits excellent cycling up to 240 at the high current density of 1 A g−1 with a relative humidity of 75%. The electrochemical performance of the battery including deep-discharge capacity, and rate capability remains almost identical after 1000 cycle in a bending fatigue test. This finding opens a new direction for utilizing high performance Li–O2 batteries for applications in the field of flexible and wearable electronics. 

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4. Plasma-assisted ignition of methane/air and ethylene/air mixtures: Efficiency at low and high pressures

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.06.126  

   Deak, Nicholas; Bellemans, Aurélie; Bisetti, Fabrizio (October 2020, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute)

   null (Ed.)
5. Modeling air-to-air plate-fin heat exchanger without dehumidification

   https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.07.064  

   Zhou, G.; Ye, Y.; Wang, J.; Zuo, W.; Fu, Y.; Zhou, X. (October 2018, Applied Thermal Engineering)